are these question contraindicating? the answers are already given. The first question "when sphericity is violated, the effect is loss of power, therefore, increase type 2 error). the second question, "violating sphericity, it reduce statistical power, therefore increase type 1 error in post hoc".

24. What is the consequence of violating the assumption of Sphericity? a. It increases statistical power, effects the distribution of the Fstatistic and raises the rate of Type I errors in post hocs. b. It reduces statistical power, effects the distribution of the F-statistic and reduces the rate of Type I errors in post hocs. c. It reduces statistical power, effects the distribution of the Fstatistic and raises the rate of Type I errors in post hocs. d. It reduces statistical power, improves the distribution of the F-statistic and raises the rate of Type I errors in post hocs. Ans: C 3. Which of the following regarding the assumption of sphericity is false? . When sphericity is violated, we need to adjust the degrees of freedom for any F-ratios affected by the violation. . The effect of violating sphericity is a loss of power (i.e., an increased probability of a Type II error). . Sphericity does not affect post hoc tests. d. When sphericity is violated, the Bonferroni post hoc test can be used. Ans: C