arer i appli$-$

cations. One of the drawbacks of a small packet size is that a large fraction of

link bandwidth is consumed by overhead bytes. To this end, suppose that the

packet consists of P bytes and $5$ bytes of header.

a$.$ Consider sending a digitally encoded voice source directly. Suppose the

source is encoded at a constant rate of $128$ kbps$.$ Assume each packet is

entirely filled before the source sends the packet into the network. The

time required to fill a packet is the packetization delay. In terms of L$,$

determine the packetization delay in milliseconds.

b$.$ Packetization delays greater than $20$ msec can cause a noticeable and

unpleasant echo. Determine the packetization delay for L $=1,500$ bytes

$($roughly corresponding to a maximum$-$sized Ethernet packet$)$ and for

L $=50($corresponding to an ATM packet$).$

c$.$ Calculate the store$-$and$-$forward delay at a single switch for a link rate of

R $=622$ Mbps for L $=1,500$ bytes, and for L$=50$ bytes.

REDMI NOTE $7$

COrAKHEHt on the advantages of using a small packet si$20\mathrm{.}21/6/322$:$19$

P$27.$ In this problem, we explore tie dse or e