ARTICLE REPORT: THE EFFECTS OF THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC ON THE LABOR MARKET Supplemental data measuring the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market The Bureau of Labor Statistics added questions to the Current Population Survey (CPS) to help gauge the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. These questions were asked beginning in May 2020 and will remain in the CPS until further notice. These questions ask whether people teleworked or worked from home because of the pandemic; whether people were unable to work because their employers closed or lost business due to the pandemic; whether they were paid for that missed work; and whether the pandemic prevented job- seeking activities. All of these supplemental questions refer to activities at any time during the "last 4 weeks" and follow the monthly labor force questions. (At the request of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), an additional question asked whether people did not receive needed medical care because of the pandemic. Questions and concepts from the supplemental data 1. TELEWORK BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC Whether a person teleworked was determined through answers to the question: "At any time in the last 4 weeks, did you telework or work at home for pay because of the coronavirus pandemic?" (The question was asked of people 16 years or older who were employed at the time of the survey.) These data refer to employed people who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the coronavirus pandemic. People did not have to telework for the entire time that they worked to be counted among those who telework. By design, people whose telework was unrelated to the pandemic, such as employed people who worked entirely from home before the pandemic, should not be included in this measure. UNABLE TO WORK BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC Whether people were unable to work was determined through answers to the question: "At any time in the last 4 weeks, were you unable to work because your employer closed or lost business due to the coronavirus pandemic?" (The question was asked of all people 16 years or older.) This question was designed to capture information on both those who were unable to work because their business closed entirely due to the pandemic, as well as those who were unable to work or worked reduced hours because of partial cutbacks in business operations. This includes people whose hours had been reduced because of the pandemic but continued to work for the same employer. These data do not include all people who were unable to work because of the pandemic. For example, it may exclude people who are unable to work now because of the pandemic but were unemployed before it started. It may exclude people who are unable to work because of health concerns or fear of getting ill. It may exclude people who were not working before but might want to work now, like a student who planned to get a summer job.dy The fact that someone is employed at the time of the survey does not necessarily mean they are working for the same employer that closed or lost business. For example, someone who worked two jobs before the pandemic, but lost one because that business closed, would still be employed on the other job. Someone who lost a job at a business that closed but then began working at another job may also be counted in this measure. 3. PAY STATUS OF THOSE UNABLE TO WORK People who reported that they were unable to work (as defined above) were asked: "Did you receive any pay from your employer for the hours you did not work in the last 4 weeks?" No information was collected about how much pay they received, such as whether they were paid for all of the time not worked. Also, no information was collected about the source of the pay from the employer, such as whether or not it was tied to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) or other program participation. 4. DID NOT LOOK FOR WORK BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC Whether the pandemic kept people from looking for work was determined through answers to the question: "Did the coronavirus pandemic prevent you from looking for work in the last 4 weeks?" (The question was asked of people 16 years or older who were not in the labor force at the time of the survey-that is, they were neither employed nor unemployed. To be counted as unemployed, by definition, people must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) Highlights of the supplemental data The highlights below summarize findings from the new questions related to the labor market impacts of the pandemic. Beginning with the publication of August 2020 estimates, key indicators from these supplemental data are discussed in The Employment Situation news releaseFinal Writing Assignment- Chapters 16_17_23 Objective: Identify perspectives on the challenges, concerns, and contributions of diverse and/or marginalized groups Due by Monday, April 24, 2023 at 11:59 pm. On October 2, 2020 the U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS published a report on the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. Detailed findings of the report are available through this link https://www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm Read the below summary of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics report on the Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. Using the information in the report and what we learned in class: Write one to two pages summary, single spaced, of the report. (10 Points) When writing your summary, you will assume that you are addressing an average citizen who did not take economics classes before. Your essay writing style should tell a compelling story and it should not just be a summary of the article. (10 Points) Always start with a captivating introduction. Your essay is a story. However, do not make the introduction lengthy. Readers want to get to the next point right away. The introduction should ask the main questions that your essay is trying to answer. (5 Points) You will need to start with the underlying research question(s), describe your approach to answering the question(s), how data was collected, measured, and analyzed to address the research questions and hypotheses. (10 Points) You will conclude your article by summarizing key findings from the data. Do not make it a lengthy conclusion. In the conclusion you can share with the reader your personal thoughts about the topic. (5 Points) Avoid writing using pronouns ")" and "We". Use ")" only when you are giving your opinion and in the conclusion. For example, "I believe that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic..." (5 Points) After you are done writing your essay, read it, and try to condense it. If two sentences convey the same meaning, then most probably you will need to eliminate one of them. (5 Points) Save your work in Word or PDF format ONLY and upload it to the site. Best!the vast majority of those on temporary layoff in July were unable to work because of the pandemic (78 percent). This was much higher than the share for unemployed job seekers (30 percent), a category that includes permanent job losers and people reentering or newly entering the labor force. (See table 5.) Only 5 percent, or 4.6 million, of the 99.0 million people not in the labor force in July were unable to work because of pandemic-related employer shutdowns or cutbacks. However, for the small subset of people not in the labor force who wanted a job, roughly one-quarter were unable to work because their former employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic. (See table 5.) Among those employed in July, 12 percent were unable to work at some point in the last 4 weeks because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic. (See table 5.) People who usually work part time were about twice as likely as full-time workers to have been unable to work due to the pandemic, 21 percent versus 10 percent in July. (See table 7.) People employed in service occupations were among the most likely to have been unable to work due to the pandemic. Of those employed in July, 1 in 5 service workers were unable to work at some point in the last 4 weeks because of employer closures or cutbacks due to the pandemic. Within service occupations, 33 percent of workers in personal care and service occupations and 24 percent of workers in food preparation and serving related occupations were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business. (See table 7.) Self-employed workers were much more likely than private wage and salary workers and government workers to have been unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business. About 27 percent of the self-employed in July were unable to work because of the pandemic, compared with 11 percent of private wage and salary workers and 6 percent of government workers. (See table 7.) 3. PAY STATUS OF THOSE UNABLE TO WORK AT SOME POINT IN THE LAST 4 WEEKS BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC Among people who reported in July that they were unable to work at some point in the last 4 weeks because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 13 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked. This estimate is down from 15 percent in June and 18 percent in May. (See table 3.) Among those unable to work because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic, the likelihood of getting paid for the hours not worked varied by employment status at the time of the survey. For people employed in July, about 16 percent received pay from their employer for the hours not worked. By contrast, 9 percent of people who were unemployed and 7 percent of those not in the labor force were paid by their former employer. (See table 5.) For employed people unable to work because of the pandemic, those who usually work part time were much less likely than full-time workers to report being paid by their employer for thewith a bachelor's degree and higher. (See table 1.) The likelihood of teleworking because of the pandemic varied by occupation. In July, employed people were most likely to telework because of the pandemic in management, business, and financial operations occupations (46 percent) and professional and related occupations (44 percent). In contrast, relatively few people teleworked in service occupations (5 percent); natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (5 percent); and production, transportation, and material moving occupations (4 percent). (See table 2.) By industry, 58 percent of workers in finance and insurance and 57 percent of those in professional and technical services teleworked in July because of the pandemic. In contrast, 7 percent of those working in accommodation and food services and 6 percent in agriculture teleworked. (See table 2.) Government workers were more likely than private wage and salary workers to have teleworked because of the pandemic (36 percent versus 25 percent in July). (See table 2.) Full-time workers were almost twice as likely as part-time workers to have teleworked because of the pandemic (29 percent versus 16 percent in July). (See table 2.) 2 . PEOPLE WHO WERE UNABLE TO WORK AT SOME POINT IN THE LAST 4 WEEKS BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC In July, 31.3 million people reported that they had been unable to work at some point in the last 4 weeks because their employer closed or lost business due to the coronavirus pandemic- that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours. This figure was down from 40.4 million in June and 49.8 million in May. The figure for July represented 12 percent of the civilian noninstitutional population, down from 16 percent in June and 19 percent in May. (See table 3.) Over half of the people who were unable to work at some point in the last 4 weeks because their employer closed or lost business due to the coronavirus pandemic were employed at the time they were interviewed. Of the 31.3 million people unable to work because of pandemic- related closures or business cutbacks, 17.1 million (55 percent) were employed at the time of the July survey. About 31 percent of people whose work had been curtailed at some point in the last 4 weeks were unemployed, and 15 percent were not in the labor force. (See table 5 and table 6.) Of the 16.9 million people unemployed in July, 9.6 million (57 percent) were unable to work because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic. Among the unemployed, 4