As a business owner, your standard practice is for your employees to sign an agreement that, if they leave your company, they won't work for a competitor for a year. This agreement reduces the likelihood that they will give away company secrets and makes your investments in training your employees more worthwhile. Your agreement with your employees uses _____ to reduce the hold-up problem.

a.

repeated interactions

b.

vertical integration

c.

reputation.

d.

a long-term contract