As a researcher you want to study if counseling self-efficacy is affected by age of professional counselors. It is expected that counseling self-efficacy will increase with age of professional counselors. A random sample of 35 professional counselors is selected for this study with ages ranging from 23-60. Counseling self-efficacy is defined as one's beliefs or judgments about one's capabilities to effectively counsel a client in the near future. Counseling self-efficacy is measured using a psychometric instrument called the COSE. The COSE has 37 items using a 6-point scale ranging from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree, so a high score means more self-efficacy. Thirty-five participants in three age groups are compared on COSE scores: (1) 20-30 years old, (2) 31-40 years old, and (3) 41 + years old. You will conduct aone wayanalysis of variance using = .05for all analyses of null hypotheses.Please enterand checkthe following datacarefully. Remember to define theValues columnin Variable Viewof theAge Groups variableusing 1=20-30 yrs. old, 2=31-40 yrs. old, 3=41+ yrs. Old. All of the following questions will relate to this research problem.

Considering the alpha criterion we are using for this example, = .05, which statement below best reflects the Levene test finding?

Group of answer choices

The Levene test Sig. value is greater than = .05, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis of ²_{error(20-30 yrs)} = ²_{error(31-40 yrs.)}= ²_{error(41+ yrs)}, which indicates that we met the assumption of homogeneity of variance across the groups.

The Levene test Sig. value is greater than = .05, so we reject the null hypothesis of ²_{error(20-30 yrs)} = ²_{error(31-40 yrs.)}= ²_{error(41+ yrs)}, which indicates that we did not meet the assumption of homogeneity of variance across the groups.

There are no significant differences among the means on the COSE scores across the three groups.

Group of answer choices

True

False

The magnitude of treatment effect associated with the one-way ANOVA is on the output as partial eta squared and it is ² = .186. One way to interpret this post hoc effect size is to say that 18.60% of the variance in COSE scores can be attributed to the age groups. Another way to interpret the ² = .186 is to use Cohen's convention for eta squared. Which one of the following is the correct interpretation from Cohen' convention?

Group of answer choices

small

medium

large

The Tukey HSD post hoc analysis looks for differences in all possible pairs of means. Refer to the results in the Multiple Comparisons table and the means in the Descriptive Statistics table. Remember that the Multiple Comparison table indicates significance and the Descriptive table tells you lower and higher means by groups. What answer below best reflects the findings.

Group of answer choices

All three pairs of means are significantly different from each other and self-efficacy is higher for each older age group.

The counselors in the 20-30 years of age group showed significantly lower self-efficacy as measured by the COSE when compared to the 31-40 years of age group.

The counselors in the 20-30 years of age group showed significantly lower self-efficacy as measured by the COSE when compared to the 41+ years of age group.

The counselors in the 31-40 years of age group showed significantly lower self-efficacy as measured by the COSE when compared to the 41+ years of age group.

The counselors in the 20-30 years of age group showed significantly lower self-efficacy as measured by the COSE when compared to the 31-40 years of age group and the 41+ years of age group.

ID #	COSE Scores	Age Groups(1=20-30 years old, 2=31-40 yo, 3=41 + yo
1	209	3
2	205	3
3	200	3
4	199	3
5	193	3
6	192	2
7	191	3
8	190	3
9	186	1
10	185	3
11	184	1
12	184	2
13	184	3
14	181	1
15	178	2
16	176	1
17	175	2
18	174	3
19	171	3
20	167	1
21	166	1
22	165	2
23	158	2
24	156	1
25	150	1
26	148	2
27	147	1
28	147	2
29	145	3
30	145	3
31	144	3
32	144	1
33	143	1
34	141	2
35	123	1