As Computers are becoming ever faster and more powerful, new opportunities for cryptographers and cryptanalysts are emerging. Encryption methods that were once thought to be secure can become vulnerable because of faster processing speeds. One possible solution in this context is quantum cryptography. In this regard, and with reference to reliable resources, write a report on this subject discussing and elaborating on the following items:

$1)$ Discuss the idea of quantum cryptography.

$2)$ Explain how quantum cryptography works. In your explanation, use an example of

a model that assumes two people $($named Alice and Bob$)$ who wish to exchange

a message securely$.$

$3)$ Discuss the limitations of quantum cryptography.

$4)$ Provide four examples of types of quantum cryptography.

You should adhere to the following guidelines:

$.$ o The word count of your report should be between $(800900)$ words. You should adhere to this limit

o Use cross$-$referencing and citation. All references must be cited in a proper format

o The report must be written in a proper technical writing format and style, as you have studied.