As noted in chapter 5 of our course textbook, the management of human capital is essential for accomplishing the goals and mission of the organization. Maintaining a vibrant and engaged workforce is a primary consideration in the retention of employees in the twenty-first century. First, what ideas do segments of early theories of motivation articulate about job satisfaction and employee motivation? Second, how have contemporary theories of human resource management and motivation developed to build upon preceding theories to update what we know about personal growth and the desire to advance in public service positions