As technology and business practices change, the issue of how courts get personal jurisdiction over parties becomes increasingly complex.

Remember, a court would have the Constitutional grounds for personal jurisdiction over a defendant ifthe defendant owned property in the state, or was found and served (with process) within the boundaries of the state.A defendant could also consent to jurisdiction. If the defendant did not own property in the state, or if any of the other ways noted are not present, then the court must determine if the defendant meets the Minimum Contacts test provided inInternational Shoe.

1. Read the foundational case on personal jurisdiction:International Shoe v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945).https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/326/310
2. Discuss:What is your understanding of that case's issue and holding?If you represented a company that had sold products in several states, what advice would you give the company so that it could avoid being sued in multiple states.