"As the Costs Mount for Volkswagen, So Do the CausesPart 1Individual Level Cumulative Case"

Coupled with the pressures from managers and reward systems, VW employees likely concluded it was easier to stay the course, do what had been done, and maintain the status quo instead of potentially giving into their values of doing what is right. If the employees still felt troubled by the status quo, they are most likely experiencing?

counterproductive work behavior

need discrepancy

cognitive dissonance

value attainment.

Need fulfillment