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As you know, whenever the electric field anywhere inside an insulating material exceeds its dielectric strength, the material breaks down. Hence, capacitors utilizing insulators have

As you know, whenever the electric field anywhere inside an insulating material exceeds its dielectric strength, the material breaks down. Hence, capacitors utilizing insulators have breakdown voltages not to be exceeded. Shown in Fig. 2 are three parallel-plate capacitors of identical geometrical shapes that are filled with the same insulator of dielectric constant ?. They are however filled differently: While in panel (1) all the space between conducting plates is filled, in panel (2) the insulator occupies only the "left half" of that space, whereas in panel (3) it is the "upper half" of the space between the plates that is filled with the insulator. The breakdown voltage of the capacitor in panel (1) is known to be equal to V1. Find the breakdown voltages V2 of the capacitor in panel (2) and V3 of the capacitor in panel (3).

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