Aspen Integrated Marketing used to have a strict hierarchical structure, with information given only to those who required it$.$ The new chief executive officer, however, set up a flat organizational structure that eliminates barriers to information flow. Information that was previously available to managers alone is now given to employees as well. He also assigned mentors to new employees to help them in their jobs and enable them to perform better.

The process by which mentors help new employees with their jobs and enable them to perform better is an example of

filtering.

reflecting.

satisficing.

reinforcing.

coaching.