Assist James Chan in deciding which operational change or combination of changes to implement to maximize restaurant profits while maintaining a positive dining experience, drawing upon the provided case study details. Prepare a memo and executive summary explaining the rationale behind recommending either option 1, option 2, or both. Emphasize the specific conditions considered in the decision-making process and utilize operations management techniques learned in class to support these recommendations. Additionally, include calculations and detailed analysis in an appendix to substantiate the conclusions drawn in the executive summary.

On May 02, 2016, James Chan, the owner of the Oriental Express restaurant in Windsor Ontario, was considering major design changes for his new restaurant (his second location) in Sarnia Ontario. Even though the Windsor location has been very successful, Mr. Chan was considering changing the preliminary design of the Sarnia location to increase capacity and to serve his customers quicker and more efficiently. Because James planned to open his new Sarnia location in two months, on July 1 , he needed to finalize his operational design changes without delay. TRENDS IN THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS The restaurant business in South-western, Ontario, was extremely competitive. Customers were now looking for entertainment and interesting and unique dining experiences rather than just receiving good food. Restaurants who stuck with traditional themes were beginning to struggle to meet their customers' increasing demands for change. Restaurateurs were now searching for new unique concepts to satisfy those customers in search for something original. Industry trends indicated that diners wanted top quality ingredients, healthy food offerings and a variety of choices. Diners wanted value for their money and were unwilling to pay inflated prices for their meals. THE ORIENTAL EXPRESS CONCEPT The Oriental Express concept was based on four features, an entertaining and interactive atmosphere, fresh and healthy food ingredients, unlimited food quantities, and customer involvement in the food preparation process. Diners at the Oriental Express were involved directly in their food preparation using three stations in the food preparation area: the food bar, the sauce and oil and the spice bar and the cooking station. Immediately after entering the establishment, diners were seated. A member of the serving staff then explained the concept to first time diners and took their drink orders. Once they were ready to eat, the diners proceeded to the food preparation area and selected their meat and vegetables from the food table and placed them in bowls. Next, they proceeded to the sauce, oil and spice table where they selected which sauce, oil or spice they would like and put on their meat and vegetables. Their final destination was the counter surrounding the grill area once there was an open space (spot). Once there a cook took their bowl of food and placed it on the grill, a twometre round cast iron grille, to be cooked. Once the food was finished cooking the cook placed the food in a clean bowl, then he or she returned the food to the diner. The diners then returned to their table where their drinks were waiting for them and enjoyed their meal. The servers also provided the table with warm tortilla bread and rice to compliment their meal. The diners paid one price for the food, regardless of how many trips they made to the food bar, but their drinks were extra. Dinner was priced $19.95 per person. When a drink was included, the total was approximately $22.00 before taxes. The restaurant enjoyed a profit margin of roughly 50 percent. The cooking station was the social area for the diners, where they would talk and share recipes amongst each other while watching the cooks move around their food on the grill with long wooden Asian cooking sticks. Immediately after entering the establishment, diners were seated. A member of the serving staff then explained the concept to first time diners and took their drink orders. Once they were ready to eat, the diners proceeded to the food preparation area and selected their meat and vegetables from the food table and placed them in bowls. Next, they proceeded to the sauce, oil and spice table where they selected which sauce, oil or spice they would like and put on their meat and vegetables. Their final destination was the counter surrounding the grill area once there was an open space (spot). Once there a cook took their bowl of food and placed it on the grill, a twometre round cast iron grille, to be cooked. Once the food was finished cooking the cook placed the food in a clean bowl, then he or she returned the food to the diner. The diners then returned to their table where their drinks were waiting for them and enjoyed their meal. The servers also provided the table with warm tortilla bread and rice to compliment their meal. The diners paid one price for the food, regardless of how many trips they made to the food bar, but their drinks were extra. Dinner was priced $19.95 per person. When a drink was included, the total was approximately $22.00 before taxes. The restaurant enjoyed a profit margin of roughly 50 percent. The cooking station was the social area for the diners, where they would talk and share recipes amongst each other while watching the cooks move around their food on the grill with long wooden Asian cooking sticks. THE OPERATIONS AT THE WINDSOR ORIENTAL EXPRESS The Windsor establishment, with a seating capacity of approximately 150 , was located on the Detroit River waterfront roughly halfway between the exits of the Detroit Tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge, a popular downtown shopping and dining area in the city. Windsor had a population of over 210,000 and Detroit Michigan area had over 700,000 residents. Although many of the tables were for two people, it was relatively simple to move tables together to accommodate larger groups. The Oriental Express did not take reservations and was normally filled to capacity Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights, especially during the hours from 6:00 to 10:00 PM. The restaurant itself was open from 11:00 AM to 11:00 PM seven days a week. Although, Mr. Chan, was pleased with the restaurant's popularity, he was very concerned with the long lines and waiting times diners experienced in the food preparation area when the establishment was full. James decided to observe the food preparation area and time diners to observe how long it took for them to visit the three stations and return to their tables. Mr. Chan recorded two sets of observations, one on a Wednesday night, when the restaurant was roughly half full and the diners did not have to wait in line and again on a Saturday night when the restaurant was at full capacity and the lineups were longer. James selected three random diners and recorded their times through the three stations and averaged their times. James observed that the variation in times each night was small. Exhibit 2 displays the averages for both nights. Mr. Chan also observed that on the average each diner made at least three trips to the food preparation area throughout dinner, and on busy nights the average group of four to six people spent approximately 90 minutes at the restaurant, from the time they were seated until their departure. The establishment, in fact, turned away numerous diners on a busy night. Mr. Chan believed that either adding additional seating, or decreasing the food preparation time, thus serving the customers in a quicker and more efficient manner, he could seat more customers over the course of the evening, thus increasing his sales. serving the customers in a quicker and more efficient manner, he could seat more customers over the course of the evening, thus increasing his sales. One possible way to reduce the amount of time the average group diners require to eat their meal was to expand the food preparation area, thus enabling diners to spend less time waiting in line. James calculated that if he could reduce each group's average dining time by 15 minutes each table would see 4 sets of diners rather than the current 3 on busy nights during the 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM time period. The problem with the Windsor location was the lack of space available to expand, though the operation at the new Sarnia location had yet to be finalized. James saw this as an opportunity to avoid the same pitfall in the Sarnia location as were in the Windsor operation. OPERATIONS AT THE SARNIA LOCATION The Sarnia location would be able to seat 190 diners and consisted of the surrounding areas including Port Huron Michigan, on the other side of the river from Sarnia, just a short bridge ride away. The population within 40 kilometres was over 200,000 people. Mr. Chan estimated that the Oriental Express would still turn away approximately 10 to 20 diners on Thursday nights and 20 to 30 diners on both Friday and Saturday nights if he could not reduce dinner times. Seating additional diners would lead to increased sales revenue and to overall profits. Exhibit 3 displays Mr. Chan's initial floor plan for the new Sarnia location, however, he was considering of the cooking grill. Exhibit 4 shows the Sarnia location with the new design changes. Adding a Second Food Preparation Area Diners' waiting times should be reduced with the addition of a second food preparation area located close to the grill so that they would not have to wait in line to use the single food preparation area. Adding the second food preparation area would require the installation of a second food bar and a second oil, sauce and spice bar. The food bar would cost $4,200 including the installation, whereas the oil, sauce and spice bar, which was somewhat smaller, would cost $3,100 including installation. This option would also require the hiring of an additional kitchen worker to keep the food preparation area stocked and clean. Kitchen staff cost $15.00 per hour (including benefits) and they sometimes shared in the tips. James Chan estimated that with these additions, diners would save approximately 90 seconds at the food preparation table and another 80 seconds waiting time in line for the oil, sauce and spice bar. He also estimated that once the diners got to the food bar, they would save an additional 60 seconds in making their selections and another approximately 30 seconds per trip at the oil, sauce and spice bar. Although James was confident that the two food preparation areas was the right way to go and save waiting and food selection times, he was concerned that diners would be confused by the layout and not know where to go. He commented: "I've noticed in other restaurants that when you have a choice between two food bars, the natural thing for people to do is to stand there trying to decide which food bar to go to. I'm worried that people entering the food "I've noticed in other restaurants that when you have a choice between two food bars, the natural thing for people to do is to stand there trying to decide which food bar to go to. I'm worried that people entering the food preparation area will create a bottleneck because they are standing still deciding where to go. We might reduce the time diners wait in line, however, if diners take longer to get to the food bar to make their selections, it defeats the purpose." James wondered if this would be a major problem in the new location, and if so, what could he do about it to prevent it from happening. Moving The Cooking Grill Mr. Chan was also considering moving the cooking grill from the corner to a more central location. By moving the grill, he could provide more counter or railing space around the grill, providing more room for diners to wait while their food was being cooked. James estimated that by doing this diner would save an additional 80 seconds per trip by not having to wait for a spot at the cooking station. Because this would significantly increase the capacity of the cooking area an additional grill cook would be required during busy periods. Although the grill itself was not a capacity constraint, working around the intense heat of the grill was very tiring. To overcome this problem two cooks would be utilized, working in 30 -minute shifts to cover the entire 5 -hour dinner period. The cooks would be paid $19.00 per hour (including benefits) plus tips for the five-hour shift. The cost of the additional counter space would be 9600 installed. THE DECISION James Chan examined the blueprints for the new Sarnia location and contemplated his options. He was unsure if either one of the options, or both of them were the answer to optimize the restaurant's profits without compromising the diner's experience. E Exhibit 2 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{ Diners Throughput Times in The Windsor Oriental Express } \\ \hline Area & Description & \begin{tabular}{l} ednesday \\ t (Half Full) \\ ne (Seconds) \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Saturday \\ Night (Full) \\ Time (Seconds) \end{tabular} \\ \hline Tables & Diner Walks from Table to Food Bar & 12 & 25 \\ \hline Food Bar & Diner Waits in Line Food Bar & 0 & 106 \\ \hline Food Bar & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Takes Bowl, Add Selected Items \\ From The Food Bar to Bowl \end{tabular} & 88 & 161 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Between \\ Stations \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Walks from Food Bar \\ To the Oil, Sauce and Spice Bar \end{tabular} & 3 & 12 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Oil, Sauce \\ Spice Bar \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Waits in Line for Oil, Sauce And \\ Spice Bar \end{tabular} & 0 & 94 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Oil, Sauce \\ Spice Bar \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diners Add Selected Oils, Sauces And \\ Spices to Their Bowl \end{tabular} & 62 & 99 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Between \\ Stations \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diners Walks from Oil, Sauce And \\ Spice Bar to The Cooking Station \end{tabular} & 3 & 10 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Cooking \\ Station \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Waits for Open Space at The \\ Cooking Station Counter \end{tabular} & 0 & 80 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{l} Cooking \\ Station \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Moves to The Counter, Gives Cook \\ Their Bowl and Watches Their Food Cook \end{tabular} & 245 & 246 \\ \hline Table Area & \begin{tabular}{l} Diner Receives Their Bowl of Cooked Food \\ And Return to Their Table \end{tabular} & 15 & 33 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Total Time for One Trip }} & 428 & 866 \\ \hline & & 08 minutes & 14:26 minutes \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Total Time for Three Trips } & 1,284 & 2,598 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{21:24 minutes 43:18 minutes } \\ \hline \end{tabular} Exhibit 3 Initial Floor Plan of The Sarnia Location of The Oriental Express Exhibit 4 Floor Plan of The New Sarnia Oriental Express With The Proposed Design Changes