Assume you are the athletic director (AD) of a high school. New facilities were built over the summer, which the school is thrilled about! Now, the school's baseball field can be adapted for softball play whenever the softball team makes the state playoffs. When converted, the base paths are shortened from 90 feet to 60 feet, as required by softball rules. During the first softball playoff game this year, one of the players hit a short pop fly down the right field line. The first baseman for the opposing team stepped into the hole surrounding the fixed anchor for the first base used by the baseball team. No caps or covers had been applied when the base was removed. When the first baseman stepped in the hole, her foot got caught between the anchoring stake and the ground. As a result, she suffered a severely fractured ankle. The injured athlete sued the umpires and the school district for negligence, alleging that the field conditions were improper and unsafe. Explain the causation element against the school.