At first, we should identify people who are "unemployed."This is not as obvious as it seems as not all people who are not working are classified as unemployed. For economists, "unemployed" refers to jobless people who are available to work and actively looking for jobs. Both employed and unemployed people represent a labor force that includes people 16 years of age and older. Based on the number of unemployed people and the size of labor force, the unemployment rate is calculated. Depending on the cause of the unemployment, it can be classified as cyclical, frictional, or structural. Please read more about this in the lecture note. There are online resources that discuss unemployment.In addition to the BLS website, you can watch a videofrom theFederal Reserve Bank of St. Louis at the link below:

https://www.stlouisfed.org/education/economic-lowdown-video-series/episode-10-unemployment

Coronavirus and the resulting shutdowns have affected many industries including airlines, tourism, entertainment, Broadway, sports, restaurants, bars, real estate, and others. Millions of U.S. workers lost their jobs. According to the BLS data, the unemployment rate reached a historical high rate of almost 15% in April 2020 since 1948. In the week ending September 19 2020, Department of Labor (DOL) data show that around 25.5 million people claimed unemployment insurance benefits. Some companies are still considering laying off more workers.You can, for example, readthe New York Times article on "Layoffs grow as companies gauge the pandemic's course and federal aid prospects" available from the link below:

https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/10/01/business/stock-market-today-coronavirus#layoffs-grow-as-companies-gauge-the-pandemics-course-and-federal-aid-prospects

Question 1:The BLS provides detailed information on labor force and unemployment. Study the latest"The Employment Situation" report from the link below, and provide the following informationbased on table on household data on page 7:

https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf

1. How large was the "civilian labor force" in September 2020? Use data on "employed" and "unemployed" to calculate the civilian labor force.
2. What does the table show for "not in labor force" in September 2020? How is it calculated? Show your calculations.
3. What does the table show for "labor force participation rate" in September 2020? What data did you use to calculate it? Show the calculations.
4. What does the table show for total "unemployment rate" (for 16 years and over) in September 2020? How is it calculated? Show your calculations.

Question 2:Choose one industry that was affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Discuss job loss by using a representative company as an example. What policy or measures do you think would help (or would have helped) to promote this industry? Please give a short answer.