Au Naturel Incorporated is feeling growing pains. After a successful first two years of operations, Au Naturel management is, for the first time, concerned about the potential of their business. The company began operations in 20X2 when the owner and founder, Jason Petrov, decided to enter the organic foods market. In early 20X1, after watching a documentary on food additives, Jason began purchasing organic foods for his family. Over the years, he noticed substantial growth in the organic section at the grocery store. Considering this opportunity, Jason thought he could use his background in food preparation and production to start his own organic foods company. Jason decided to open his business with a product that wasnt well represented on store shelves: organic peanut butter. He developed an organic peanut butter to be marketed under the Au Naturel brand and started manufacturing in February 20X2. In the beginning, manufacturing peanut butter at the Au Naturel factory was a highly labour-intensive process. The factory used an assembly-line production model and each jar of peanut butter was handcrafted by six factory employees. By 20X3, Au Naturel was producing over 300 jars of peanut butter per day. Production schedules were based on demand volumes and employee hours varied from employee to employee each week. As a result, the company had high direct costs, which varied with the level of production. Direct costs included peanuts, packaging materials, manufacturing labour costs, and variable overhead costs. Indirect fixed costs were less substantial and mainly included production supervision, depreciation on equipment, warehouse rent, and property taxes. With increasing demand levels (see Exhibit 1) and a capacity of only 100,000 jars of peanut butter per year using the existing process, Au Naturel management decided it was time to automate the factory. At the beginning of 20X4, the company invested $2 million in new automation equipment that would be depreciated over a 10-year period. This enabled the plant to reduce its staffing from six to one factory worker and increase its annual capacity to 180,000 jars of peanut butter. With the new automation process, one factory employee was retrained to be a plant supervisor with a salary of $63,000 per year. Although the product would no longer be handcrafted, the company believed that the high-quality ingredients and the companys attention to standards, cleanliness, and exceptional taste would maintain its image as a specialty food product. Jason was hoping, if this expansion was successful, to complete a further expansion in 20X6 of $2.5 million to increase plant capacity to 400,000 jars per year. At the end of 20X4, however, Jason was shocked by the financial results of the automation implementation. Profits had fallen from the previous year even though sales increased by 20,000 units. Exhibit 2 provides a comparison of the incomes for 20X3 and 20X4. Jason was worried! The automation of his factory seemed to have had a detrimental effect on profits. Jason calculated that, with total costs of $8.89 per unit ($4.15 + $3.96 + $0.20 + $0.58), he will only achieve a net income of $130,500 ($0.90 145,000 units) in 20X5 if Au Naturel meets the expected demand levels. This is less than what he was earning in 20X3 using the labour-intensive process. Jason is now wondering if automation was worth it. In the past, he could promote his peanut butter as a handcrafted product. Now he is wondering what advantage if any, automation brings to his factory. Jason has asked Anna Chui, an old friend and cost accountant, to help him assess further how the automation of the Au Naturel factory has impacted the companys bottom line.

EXHIBIT 1 DEMAND LEVELS FOR AU NATUREL ORGANIC PEANUT BUTTER

Year	Demand Level (Jars)
20X3	80,000 (actual demand)
20X4	100,000 (actual demand)
20X5	145,000 (expected)
20X6	180,000 (expected)

EXHIBIT 2 - COMPARATIVE INCOME STATEMENT

	20X3		20X4
	Total	Per Unit	Total	Per Unit
Units Sold	80,000		100,000
Sales	$ 766,400.00	$ 9.58	$ 970,000.00	$ 9.79
Variable manufacturing costs:
Direct materials (including peanuts, salt, and packaging materials)	$ 278,320.04	$ 3.48	$ 364,651.98	$ 3.65
Direct labour	$ 96,860.16	$ 1.21	$ 20,179.20	$ 0.20
Variable overhead	$ 51,425.28	$ 0.64	$ 29,721.60	$ 0.30
Total variable manufacturing costs	$ 426,605.48	$ 5.33	$ 414,552.78	$ 4.15
Fixed manufacturing overhead:
Rent	$ 48,000	$ 0.60	$ 52,500	$ 0.53
Production supervision	$ 52,500.00	$ 0.66	$ 127,800	$ 1.28
Property taxes	$ 7,850.00	$ 0.10	$ 7,850	$ 0.08
Depreciation	$ 6,800.00	$ 0.09	$ 206,800	$ 2.07
Total fixed manufacturing costs	$ 115,150.00	$ 1.45	$ 394,950	$ 3.96
Gross margin	$ 224,644.52	$ 2.80	$ 169,497.22	$ 1.68
Variable selling costs	$ 16,000.00	$ 0.20	$ 20,000.00	$ 0.20
General administrative costs	$ 58,000.00	$ 0.73	$ 58,000	$ 0.58
Net income before taxes	$ 150,644.52	$ 1.87	$ 91,497.22	$ 0.90

Will the automation of the factory improve profitability as production volumes and demand increase? If yes, please explain why.

Will the automation of the factory improve profitability as production volumes and demand increase? If yes, please explain why.