Auditors must make judgments about various aspects of an audit on the basis of their own direct experience, indirect experience, or a combination of the two. In a study, auditors were asked to make judgments about the frequency of errors to be found in an audit. The judgments by the auditors were then compared to the actual results. Suppose the following data were obtained from a similar study; lower scores indicate better judgments. If answer is zero enter "0".

Direct Indirect Combination

17.5 16.1 24.9

18.2 21.8 23.9

15.4 21.3 21.9

17.8 18.3 27.7

19.4 24.9 26.9

16.5 20.8 26.6

13.1 21.1 23.6

Source of Variation

1. Sum of Squares (to 2 decimals): Treatments, Error, Total
2. Degrees of Freedom: Treatments, Error, Total
3. Mean Square (to 2 decimals): Treatments, Error
4. F (to 2 decimals): Treatments
5. p-value (to 2 decimals): Treatments

Usea = 0.05to test to see whether the basis for the judgment affects the quality of the judgment.

Thep-value is...?

a. less than 0.01

b. between 0.01 and 0.025

c. between 0.025 and 0.05

d. between 0.05 and 0.10

e. greater than 0.10

What is your conclusion?

a. Cannot reject the assumption all treatment means are equal

b. Conclude not all treatment means are equal