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( b ) Consider a genetic algorithm in which individuals are represented using a 5 - bit string of the form abcde. An example of

(b) Consider a genetic algorithm in which individuals are represented using a 5-bit
string of the form abcde. An example of an individual is 001001 for which a=0,
b=0,c=1,d=0,e=1. The fitness function for an individual is defined as follows:
f(abcde)=a+b+c+d+e+AND(a,b,c,d,e)
where AND(a,b,c,d,e)=1ifa=b=c=d=e=1
AND(a,b,c,d,e)=0if otherwise
[Pertimbangkan sebuah algoritma genetik di mana individu diwakili menggunakan rentetan 5-bit
dengan format abcde. Sebagai contohnya untuk individu 001001 di mana a=0,b=0,c=1,d=0,e=1.
Fungsi 'fitness' untuk individu ditakrif seperti berikut:
f(abcde)=a+b+c+d+e+AND(a,b,c,d,e)
di mana AND(a,b,c,d,e)=1 jika a=b=c=d=e=1
AND(a,b,c,d,e)=0 jika selainnya.
(i) Complete the following Table 1 showing the probabilities of selecting each of
the individuals below according to the standard selection method.
[Lengkapkan Jadual I berikut yang menunjukkan kebarangkalian memilih setiap individu di
bawah mengikut kaedah pemilihan piawai.]
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