b$)$Estas adquisiciones fueron hechas mediante compra de acciones o mediante compra de activos netos? Explica la diferencia entre ambas opciones.

Restructuring of operations in South Africa and Namibia:

In $2015,$ Heineken, in partnership with Diageo plc and The Ohlthaver & List $($O&L$)$ group, restructured their collaborative operations in South Africa and Namibia.

This restructuring involved several key changes:

a$.$ Closure of Brandhouse Beverages Ltd$.$: The distribution joint venture, Brandhouse Beverages Ltd$.,$ was shut down. This joint venture had previously been responsible for the distribution of their products in the region.

b$.$ Increased Stake in DHN Drinks Ltd$.$: Heineken increased its ownership in DHN Drinks Ltd$.$ to $75\%,$ which allowed it to gain control over this entity.

c$.$ Control over South African Entities: With the increased stake in DHN Drinks Ltd$.,$ Heineken also acquired control over the South African entities, including DHN Drinks Ltd$.$ and Sedibeng Brewery Ltd$.$

d$.$ Additional Stake in Namibia Breweries Ltd$.$: Heineken acquired an additional $15\%$ stake in Namibia Breweries Ltd$.,$ enhancing its influence and stake in the Namibian market.

To facilitate these changes, Heineken paid Diageo a total net cash amount of ZAR $1\mathrm{.}9$ billion, equivalent to EUR $138$ million.

This restructuring allowed Heineken to streamline its operations and strengthen its market position in South Africa and Namibia.

Explanation:

This restructuring allowed Heineken to streamline its operations and strengthen its market position in South Africa and Namibia, positioning the company for better control and efficiency in these key regions.

c$)$ Step $3$

Acquisition of Desnoes & Geddes $($Jamaica$)$ and GAPL Pte Ltd:

In $2015,$ Heineken made significant moves in its portfolio, focusing on the Caribbean and Asian markets.

Here$$s a clear, original explanation of the acquisitions and transactions:

Desnoes & Geddes $($Jamaica$)$: Heineken increased its stake in Desnoes & Geddes $($D&G$),$ a major Jamaican brewer, from a minority position to $73\mathrm{.}3\%,$ thereby gaining control of the company. This strategic move allowed Heineken to strengthen its presence in the Caribbean beer market.

GAPL Pte Ltd: Heineken also took full ownership of GAPL Pte Ltd$,$ which was previously a joint venture with Diageo. GAPL Pte Ltd owns a majority stake in Guinness Anchor Berhad, a company listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange, and holds distribution rights for Guinness and ABC Stout in Singapore.

Sale of Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd$.$: As part of these transactions, Heineken sold its $20\%$ stake in Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd$.$ to Diageo. This divestment was part of a broader strategy to streamline and focus Heineken's investments in key markets.

Financial Details: The total net cash consideration for these transactions was USD $780\mathrm{.}5$ million $($EUR $707$ million$),$ paid by Heineken to Diageo. This amount reflects the comprehensive value of the acquisitions and the strategic importance of these assets in Heineken$$s portfolio.

These actions allowed Heineken to consolidate its operations and focus on key markets, enhancing its overall strategic position in the global beer industry.

Explanation:

These actions allowed Heineken to consolidate its operations and focus on key markets, enhancing its overall strategic position in the global beer industry. By gaining control of significant assets in Jamaica and Asia while streamlining its investments, Heineken positioned itself for stronger growth and market presence in these regions.

d$)$ Answer

In $2015,$ Heineken made the following acquisitions:

a$.$ Pivovarna Lasko $($Slovenia$)$: Acquired $53\mathrm{.}43\%$ for EUR $119\mathrm{.}5$ million.

b$.$ South African and Namibian operations: Increased stake in DHN Drinks Ltd$.$ to $75\%,$ acquired additional $15\%$ of Namibia Breweries Ltd$.,$ paying EUR $138$ million to Diageo.

c$.$ Desnoes & Geddes $($Jamaica$)$ and GAPL Pte Ltd: Increased stake in Desnoes & Geddes to $73\mathrm{.}3\%,$ gained full ownership of GAPL Pte Ltd$.,$ paying EUR $707$ million to Diageo.

These acquisitions strengthened Heineken's market presence globally.