B Ltd is a 51 percent shareholder in C Ltd and currently has two out of five board seats. R Ltd is the remaining 49 percent shareholder and currently has the other three seats. B Ltd is a passive shareholder as it is happy with the way R Ltd has been running the company.

For the above independent situations, determine whether or not control exists and, if so, by which party (under IFRS 10). Discuss the reasons for your answers.