Background

The hydrolysis of Penicillin G $($Pen$-$G$)$ vields phenylacetic acid $($PAA$)$ and $6-$amino$-$penicillanic acid $(6-$APA$)$

$(M=216\frac{g}{m}ol),$ the latter being an intermediate for a wide range of semi$-$synthetic antibiotics. The reaction

can be catalyzed in an aqueous solution with a strong acid, a strong base or an enzyme called Pen$-$G acylase.

On the order of $10,000$ tons of $6-$APA is produced worldwide on an annual basis, using batch processes that are

of moderate scale. The production$-$scale reactor available for your hydrolysis process is constructed from

stainless steel, with a maximum liquid volume of $20m^3$ and operating temperatures between $35C$ and $85C.$

Design Calculations

Show all work on a separate page and report the final values below. Upload work with this answer sheet upon

submission. If a calculation is repeated multiple times, only one example calculation needs to be shown as work.

Rate Expression Development

Generate an expression for the rate of Pen$-$G hydrolysis as a function of reagent concentrations by modelling the

initial rate data provided in Table $1.$ This rate expression should have the general form:

Rate $=k[$ Pen$-G{]}^m[KOH{]}^n$

Pay particular attention to the units for each parameter of your kinetic model. Report your parameters below

and complete the last two columns of Table $1,$ including the units in the header row.

$m=$

$n=$

Table $1.$ Laboratory Data

Batch Reaction Times

Use your rate expression to predict the time in hours that is required to achieve $50\%,95\%$ and $99\mathrm{.}9\%$ conversion

of Pen$-$G to $6-$APA for a batch reaction that is operated with Pen$-$G$]$inits $=0\mathrm{.}12M,pH=11,T=70C.$ Assume that

pH remains essentially constant throughout the process. Recommend an overall reaction time at this condition

and calculate the mass of $6-$APA that the process will provide from a single $20m^3$ batch. Report with units.

conversion $=t_{\text{r}\text{e}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}}=m_{6*\text{A}\text{P}\text{A}}=$

Please submit your completed assignment with work to OnQ at $"$VR Assignment Part $1$: Design Prototyping