background: The nation of East Madol is considered under the 'Montevideo Convention' a sovereign state. It has a permanent population, defined territory, government, and the capacity to enter relations with other states.

East Madol is a member of the United Nations. The nation is also party to the Hague and Geneva conventions and signatory to all Human Rights treaties as well as declarations governing the environment, world heritage sites and protection of cultural heritage.

The issue that has brought this matter to your attention has been the conflict within the nation. This conflict began as a result of "Land grabbing" by the state, leasing out large spaces of land to multinational corporations. There have been numerous documented accounts of the destruction of cultural sites and human rights violations.

This situation has led to inter-tribal warfare as well as civil disturbances. Several tribes have formed an insurgency group the East Madol Revolutionary Front (EMRF). It appears this group is financed by the government of West Madol. As a result, the state has introduced compulsory military service, with children as young as 14 fighting on the front lines. A drone attack was also conducted on a UNESCO listed heritage site. This attack has led to Security Council Resolution S RES/XXXX (2022)

Question:

The UN Secretary-General has asked for your advice on whether there are international human rights treaties, declarations and / or international rulings that would assist Indigenous land owning clans in East Madol to protect their land, natural resources and cultural heritage. Consider also whether the state of East Madol is obligated to adhere to the demand of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to cease its 'land grabbing' activities and to pay due regard to UNESCO.