Balance of Payments: 1. Current account: -trade balance. -Services, one-side transfers - the balance of invisible operations. Current transfers. 2. balance of capital and loans. 3. operations with foreign exchange reserves. Task 1. Use data from the tables below. Give quantative and qualitative analysis of changes in the gold reserves of Ukraine for 2009-2017, as well as the structural analysis of the gold reserves composition. Table 1 Official international reserves of Ukraine in 2009-2017 (min. USD) Date Sum of reserves Growth Growth, % 31/12/2014 26505,0 31/12/2015 34576,0 +8071,0 31/12/2016 31794,6 -2781,4 31/12/2017 24546,2 -7248,4 31/12/2018 20415,7 -4130,5 31/12/2019 7533,3 -12882,4 31/12/2020 13300,0 +5766,7 31/12/2021 15539,3 +2239,3 31/12/2022 18808,45 +3269,1 Table 2 Structure of official international reserves of Ukraine in 2021 (min. USD) Components Sum of reserves Proportion, % 1. In foreign currency: 15582.00 a) Securities 14762.20 b) Currency and deposits 819.80 2. Reserve position with the IMF 0.15 3. Special drawing rights, SDR 2165.65 4. Monetary gold 1060.65 5. Other Total 18808.45 100Answer the questions. 1. What is the difference between gold reserves and international reserves? 2. Why countries need international reserves and how their volume affect the exchange rate, ination rate, balance of payments and GDP? 3. What is reserve position with the IMF? What way can a country change it? Can Ukraine sell it in order to get cash? 4. What are special drawing rights, SDR'? What way can a country change it? lCan Ukraine sell it in order to get cash? Task 2. As it is widely known, the "Big Mac" index indicates purchasing power parity of currencies. In 2016, "Big Mac" in Ukraine costed UAH 4O (USDfUAH = 25.5), in Switzerland it costed 6.5 francs (USDFCHF= 0.9650), in the USA it was sold at 3 5.04. Based on the following information, give the answer: are the Ukrainian Hryvnia and Swiss Franc underestimated or overestimated currencies? Calculate, how much they are undervalued or overvalued (in 91:). Balance of payments, equilibrium exchange rate, the Federal Reserve's discount rate, IMF reserve position, reserve currency, deficit and surplus of BOP. Task 3. GDP in Ukraine amounted to US 93270 min in 2016. Using the data in the table, calculate the currency structure of Ukraine's total external debt in 2016, the ratio of the country's gross external debt to GDP. Based on the data obtained, identify Ukraine's place in the classification of countries by debt level (methodology of the World Bank). Table 1 External total debt of Ukraine Currency MIn USD Percentage,% | EDT/GDP,% USD 84209,5 74, 1% EUR 12159,8 10,7% XDR SDR 13182,6 11,6% RUB 2045,6 1,8% UAH 1022,8 0,9% Others 1022,8 0,9% Totally 113643,0 100% 121,84% Task 4. Determine which group of countries in terms of indebtedness by the World Bank methodology includes Ukraine, if the total volume of exports in 2016 amounted to 49.3% of GDP, GDP = $ 93270 million, external debt amounted to $ 113643 million, total debt service - $ 3731 million. You have to calculate key indebtedness indicators - TDS/GDP and TDS/XGS. 1. TDS /GDP: 2. TDS/XGS:Task 5. Calculate EDT/GDP level ratio by countries. External debt (EDT) of countries Country GDP, USD min. EDT, USD min. EDT/GDP, % Brazil 1796000 669908 China 11200000 26544000 Mexico 1046000 411507 Ukraine 93270 113643 USA 16893000 17061930 Germany 5624000 8942160 Japan 2719000 1250740 India 2264000 486760 Luxembourg 59950 2146000 Based on data on the external debt of countries, establish the level of external debt and its impact on the national economy of the country. Sort countries out by focusing on the World Bank methodology of indicating the country's external debt. HOME TASK 1. By using the above chart "Main stages of the market bubble" by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, which illustrates the general pattern that most market bubbles tend to follow, drawyour own chart to show and predict further development of a bitcoin (cryptocurrencies) bubble. You can also use price dynamics for bitcoins or other cryptocurrency. Write your own visions of whether the cryptocurrency is a financial bubble or not; if so, at what stage of a bubble it is now and when this boom would end. Explain your statements. Main Stages in a Bubble "New Paradigm"III Valuation Denial Delusion Return to "normal" Greed Bull trap Fear Institutional Public Smart Money investors Enthusiasm Capitulation Media attention Return to First Sell off he mean Bear trap Take off Despal Mean Stealth Phase Awareness Phase Mania Phase Blow off Phase Time 2. The Dutch multinational corporation sells components to Switzerland for 550.000 CHF in three stages. The first shipment, worth 200.000 CHF (CHF / EUR was 0.9432 - 0.9460). The second shipment, worth 250.000 CHF (CHF/EUR was 0.9405 - 0.9416). The third shipment, worth 100.000 CHF (CHF / EUR was 0.9429 - 0.9459). Determine the amount in euros that the Dutch MNC will get for the contract