Barton Industries expects that its target capital structure for raising funds in the future for its capital budget will consist of 40% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 55% common equity. Note that the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%. Assume that the firm's cost of debt, r_d, is 6.9%, the firm's cost of preferred stock, r_ps, is 6.4% and the firm's cost of equity is 10.9% for old equity, r_s, and 11.5% for new equity, r_e. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC₁) if it uses retained earnings as its source of common equity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to three decimal places.