Based on national normative data (i.e., think of this as our population data), we know that 2^nd graders score on average a 50 on a standardized test of math achievement (STMA), with a standard deviation of 20. You have randomly sampled 2^nd graders who attend Montessori schools and computed a sample mean on this random sample (more about this later).

1. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses three different ways as described below.
   1. Directional alternative hypothesis - greater than
   2. Directional alternative hypothesis - less than
   3. Non directional alternative hypothesis