Based on the following article,

LaRue, R., Steward, V., Piazza, C., Volkert, V., Patel, M., Zeleny, J. (2011). Escape as reinforcement and escape extinction in the treatment of feeding problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 719 - 735

Please answer the following questions:

1. Why do the authors say that many children exhibit refusal behavior during meal times? _____________________________________________________

1. What do the authors say is then learned from engaging in the refusal behavior? __________________________________________________________________________

1. The authors state, "The purpose of the current investigation was to extend the literature on the role of negative reinforcement in the treatment of food refusal" (p 720). What do they explain as their 3 components of this research:
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________

1. The authors state that they ruled out any current medical issues before proceeding with the intervention. Why?_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

1. List the 3 target behaviors that the observers recorded data on?
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________

1. The general procedure of the protocol included 3 main steps (Hint look on page 723):
2. Therapist presented the _______________________________ touching the child lips
3. Therapist asked the child to ____________________________________ to determine if the child had swallowed
4. If the child did not open his/her mouth the therapist ___________________ the mouth open.