Before Deep Breathing	After Deep Breathing
15	10
10	8
11	5
14	10
12	8
4	3
7	2

A professor is interested in examining how deep breathing can influence feelings of anxiety. She recruits participants in her class right before the final exam, when their feelings of anxiety would be high. She measures their current levels of anxiety, instructs them to engage in 2 minutes of deep breathing, and then measures their anxiety again after they've completed the breathing. Below are the anxiety levels of each student before and after deep breathing. Your job is to determine if their anxiety levels significantly DECREASE after deep breathing.

1. What's the null hypothesis for this research question?

A. Ha: Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing

B. Ho: Anxiety levels before deep breathing anxiety levels after deep breathing

2. What's the alternative hypothesis for this research question?

A. Ha: Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing

B. Ho: Anxiety levels are the same before and after deep breathing

3. What's the best statistical test to use to analyze this research question?

A. Independent sample t-test

B. One way ANOVA

C. One sample z-test

D. Dependent samples t-test

E. F statistic

F. Correlation coefficient

4. What is the t-statistic value (using the t-test formula for the dependent samples t-test). Round your answer to two decimal places.

5. What are the degrees of freedom?

6. Should you do a one-tailed or two-tailed test here? Think about whether the hypothesis is directional or non-directional!

A. two tailed

B. one tailed

7. What is the critical value?

8. Based on the t-value provided and the critical value, what is your decision about this research study?

A. There is a significant decrease in anxiety after deep breathing

B. There is not a significant decrease in anxiety before and after deep breathing.

9. What are the results as seen in an APA style write-up. Include the means and sds for the before and after data.