Below are three evaluation examples. Please identify the approach used in each case along the three dimensions mentioned above and briefly (4-6 sentences for each case) explain why. For example, is the first evaluation a formative or summative evaluation? Is it an ongoing or one-shot evaluation? Is it a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method evaluation? Make sure you use the information pertinent to the evaluation, not the program, in each example.

1. A small New England city wanted to establish an emergency shelter for homeless persons. To determine how many beds should be provided, the city funded a nighttime survey, attempting to count all persons sleeping in public places such as busstations, parks, or store entranceways.

2. In order to determine whether the food stamps program shows its intended effects, the U.S. Department of Agriculture conducts periodic studies of participation in the food stamps program to measure the extent to which eligible households are enrolled and whether the enrollees increase theirquantity and quality of food consumed.

3. With support from the U.S. Department of Justice, the cities of Houston and Newark instituted community policing on a trial basis. In Houston, the police set up neighborhoodsubstations, conducted door-to-door surveys of citizen problems, started newsletters, and held community meetings. In Network, the police established local walking police beats, dispersed groups of loiterers, and conducted random checks of motor vehicles. In both cities, the trial neighborhoods showed increases in citizen-reported confidence in the police and slight reductions in crimes when compared with similar areas without community policing.