Below is information from Amazon's 2012 income tax footnote RECONCILIATION OF AMAZON'S STATUTORY AND EFFECTIVE TAX RATES YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2010 2012 2011 Federal statutory tax rate State taxes, net of federal impact Impact of foreign tax differential Tax credits Nondeductible stock-based compensation Other Effective income tax rate 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% 0.2 (4.4) 5.2 1.5 (12.7) 31.5 (8.4) (3.2) 2.2 27.4% 11.1 0.8 279% 21.8% Amazon reported tax expense on its 2012 income statement of $428 million What did Amazon report as income before income taxes on its 2012 income statement? (Enter your answer in millions rounded to nearest whole number.)