Below is the key empirical finding from a recent NBER working paper titled "Do consumers exploit precommitment opportunities? Evidence from natural experiments involving liquor consumption" by Douglas Bernheim, Jonathan Meer, and Neva Novarro:

We examine a collection of natural experiments in which states expanded allowable Sunday sales hours for liquor. Our results indicate that consumers increase their liquor consumption in response to extended Sunday on-premise sales hours, but not in response to extended off-premise sales hours.

Sales of alcohol at liquor stores are known asoff-premise sales since the alcohol is typically not consumed at the point of sale. In contrast, sales of alcohol at bars and restaurants are known ason-premise sales.

A. The authors report that:

One of the most frequently mentioned strategies for exercising self-control is to limit the availability of a problematic good by not maintaining an easily accessed supply.

Consider a sophisticated time-inconsistent consumer who is conflicted about his consumption of alcohol. He wants to stop drinking, but in the presence of chilled beer, he cannot help himself from over-indulging. Give an example of the

precommitment strategy described by Bernheim, Meer, and Novarro.

b. Laws restricting liquor sales on Sunday are known as "blue laws." Suppose a community with a blue law decides to relax it and permit liquor stores to be open on Sunday (bars and restaurants are still not allowed to serve alcohol). Consider a time-consistentconsumer of alcohol. Will the relaxation of off-premise blue laws affect his overall consumption of alcohol? Why or why not?

c. Now consider a time-inconsistentconsumer of alcohol, currently implementing the precommitment device you described in part (a). Will the relaxation of off-premise blue laws affect his overall consumption of alcohol? Why or why not?

d. Bernheim, Meer, and Novarro find that liquor consumption did not increase as a result of the loosening of off-premise blue laws. What does their result suggest

about the time-consistency or time-inconsistency of alcohol consumers?