Beltran is modeling its increase debt/buyback strategy on Civitas Inc., another firm in the same sector. Civitas was an all equity funded firm with 100 million shares outstanding trading at $ 10 a share, a cost of equity of 9% and expected growth rate forever of 3%. The firm borrowed $ 600 million and bought back shares at $10.50 apiece. Assuming investors are rational, estimate the cost of capital for Civitas after the transaction. Pennsylvania Steel, one of the largest steel companies in the United States, is considering whether it has any excess debt capacity. The company has $527 million in market value of debt outstanding and $1.76 billion of market value of equity. The company has EBIT of $131 million and faces a corporate tax rate of 36%. The company's bonds are rated BBB, and the cost of debt is 8%. At this rating the company has a probability of default of 2.30%, and the cost of bankruptcy is estimated to be 30% of firm value. Estimate the unlevered value of the firm. Estimate the levered value of the firm using the APV approach, at a debt ratio of 50%. At that debt ratio, the firm's bond rating will be CCC, and the probability of default will increase to 30%