Bender Fender, which uses a standard cost system, manufactured 20,000 boat fenders during 2016, using 143,000 square feet of extruded vinyl purchased at $1.10 per square foot. Production required 440 direct labor hours that cost $12.50 per hour. The direct materials standard was seven square feet of vinyl per fender, at a standard cost of $1.15 per square foot. The labor standard was 0.027 direct labor hour per fender, at a standard cost of $11.50 per hour.

Compute the cost and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. Does the pattern of variances suggest Bender Fenders managers have been making trade-offs? Explain