Berol Corporation sold 20-year bonds on January 1, 2016. The face value of the bonds was $200,000, and they carry a 6% stated rate of interest, which is paid on December 31 of every year. Berol received $178,812 in return for the issuance of the bonds when the market rate was 7%. Any premium or discount is amortized using the effective interest method.

1. Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the bonds on January 1, 2016, and the proper balance sheet presentation on this date.

2. Prepare the journal entry to record interest expense on December 31, 2016, and the proper balance sheet presentation on this date.

3. Explain why it was necessary for Berol to issue the bonds for only $178,812 rather than $200,000.