best definition of The four inherent characteristics of planning contradict the assumption of a rational approach to planning in that: Ambiguity suggests that not all factors can be known, so it is impossible to predict what the actual outcome will be; conflict may arise among stakeholders and detract from a linear, rational planning process; risk involves a degree of ambiguity about the likelihood of an event, and therefore it is also impossible to predict the final outcome of the planning process; control may often need to be ceded in conditions of uncertainty throughout the planningstress in relation to chronic illnesses