Big Rock Brewery currently rents a bottling machine for $51,000 per year, including all maintenance expenses. The company is considering purchasing a machine instead and is comparing two alternate options: option a is to purchase the machine it is currently renting for $165,000, which will require $20,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses, or option b, which is to purchase a new, more advanced machine for $260,000, which will require $19,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses and will lower bottling costs by $10,000 per year. Also, $37,000 will be spent upfront in training the new operators of the machine. Suppose the appropriate discount rate is 8% per year and the machine is purchased today. Maintenance and bottling costs are paid at the end of each year, as is the rental of the machine. Assume also that the machines are subject to a CCA rate of 25% and there will be a negligible salvage value in 10 years' time (the end of each machine's life). The marginal corporate tax rate is 35%. Should Big Rock Brewery continue to rent, purchase its current machine, or purchase the advanced machine? To make this decision, calculate the NPV of the FCF associated with each alternative. (Note: the NPV will be negative, and represents the PV of the costs of the machine in each case.) The NPV (rent the machine) is (Round to the nearest dollar.) Spherical Manufacturing recently spent $20 million to purchase some equipment used in the manufacture of disk drives. This equipment has a CCA rate of 30% and Spherical's marginal corporate tax rate is 30%. a. What are the annual CCA deductions associated with this equipment for the first five years? b. What are the annual CCA tax shields for the first five years? c. What is the present value of the first five CCA tax shields if the appropriate discount rate is 12% per year? d. What is the present value of all the CCA tax shields assuming the equiment is never sold and the appropriate discount rate is 12% per year? e. How might your answer to part (d) change if Spherical anticipates that its marginal corporate tax rate will increase substantially over the next five years? You are a manager at Northern Fibre, which is considering expanding its operations in synthetic fibre manufacturing. Your boss comes into your office, drops a consultant's report on your desk, and complains, "We owe these consultants $1.7 million for this report, and I am not sure their analysis makes sense. Before we spend the $15 million on new equipment needed for this project, look it over and give me your opinion." You open the report and find the following estimates (in millions of dollars): All of the estimates in the report seem correct. You note that the consultants used straight-line depreciation for the new equipment that will be purchased today (year 0 ), which is what the accounting department recommended for financial reporting purposes. CRA allows a CCA rate of 30% on the equipment for tax purposes. The report concludes that because the project will increase earnings by $7.085 million per year for 10 years, the project is worth $70.85 million. You think back to your glory days in finance class and realize there is more work to be done! First you note that the consultants have not factored in the fact that the project will require $15 million in working capital up front (year 0 ), which will be fully recovered in year 10 . Next you see they have attributed $1.2 million of selling, general and administrative expenses to the project, but you know that $0.6 million of this amount is overhead that will be incurred even if the project is not accepted. Finally, you know that accounting earnings are not the right thing to focus on! a. Given the available information, what are the free cash flows in years 0 through 10 that should be used to evaluate the proposed project? You are a manager at Northern Fibre, which is considering expanding its operations in synthetic fibre manufacturing. Your boss comes into your office, drops a consultant's report on your desk, and complains, "We owe these consultants $1.5 million for this report, and I am not sure their analysis makes sense. Before we spend the $29 million on new equipment needed for this project, look it over and give me your opinion." You open the report and find the following estimates (in millions of dollars): All of the estimates in the report seem correct. You note that the consultants used straight-line depreciation for the new equipment that will be purchased today (year 0 ), which is what the accounting department recommended for financial reporting purposes. CRA allows a CCA rate of 30% on the equipment for tax purposes. The report concludes that because the project will increase earnings by $3.887 million per year for ten years, the project is worth $38.87 million. You think back to your glory days in finance class and realize there is more work to be done! First you note that the consultants have not factored in the fact that the project will require $12 million in working capital up front (year 0 ), which will be fully recovered in year 10 . Next you see they have attributed $2.32 million of selling, general and administrative expenses to the project, but you know that $1.16 million of this amount is overhead that will be incurred even if the project is not accepted. Finally, you know that accounting earnings are not the right thing to focus on! b. If the cost of capital for this project is 16%, what is your estimate of the value of the new project? The relevant CCA rate for the capital expenditures is 20%. Assume assets are never sold. a. For this base-case scenario, what is the NPV of the plant to manufacture lightweight tractors? b. Based on input from the marketing department, Buhler is uncertain about its revenue forecast. In particular, management would like to examine the sensitivity of the NPV to the revenue assumptions. What is the NPV of this project if revenues are 10% higher than forecast? What is the NPV of this project if revenues are 10% lower than forecast