Blackwood Industries manufactures die machinery. To meet its expansion needs, it recently (2020) acquired one of its suppliers, Delta Steel. To maintain Delta's separate identity, Blackwood reports Delta's operations as an investment center. Blackwood monitors all of its investment centers on the basis of return on investment (ROI). Management bonuses are based on ROI, and all investment centers are expected to earn a minimum 10% return before income taxes.

Delta's ROI has ranged from 14% to 18% since 2020. The company recently had the opportunity for a new investment that would have yielded a 13% ROI. However, division management decided against the investment because it believed that the investment would decrease the division's overall ROI.

The 2022 operating statement for Delta follows. The division's operating assets were $16,000,000 at the end of 2022, a 6% increase over the 2021 year-end balance.

DELTA DIVISION
Operating Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2022 (000s omitted)
Sales		$ 29,500
Cost of goods sold		19,920
Gross profit		9,580
Operating expenses:
Administration	$ 2,808
Selling	4,332	7,140
Operating income		$ 2,440

Required:

1. Calculate the following performance measures for 2022 for the Delta division:

a. Return on average investment in operating assets. (Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. Residual income (RI) calculated on the basis of average operating assets