Body image dissatisfaction (BID) strongly predicts undesirable outcomes, including disordered eating, depression, and low self-esteem. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may have higher BID due to changes in mobility and functioning and high rates of depression.

Stevens et al. (2019) conducted a study to identify factors predicting BID in people with MS.On their short-form version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), scores <38 indicated no concern with shape, scores 38-51 mild 52 to 66 moderate and>66 indicated concern with shape. The scores among the 142 MS patients who completed all 16 BSQ questions had a distribution that appeared to be bell-shaped with a mean of 39.13 and a standard deviation of 18.10, indicating mild concern with shape.

Using a 0.10 significance level, you need to test the claim that this sample comes from a population with a mean score that is significantly greater than 38.36 (i.e., the mean value from adults without MS in the Evans and Dolan study). To do so, answer each of the following questions.

1. null hypothesis H0

2. Alternative hypothesis H1.

3. What critical value should you use to test the given hypothesis?

4. What is the value of the test statistic you should use to test the given hypothesis?

5. What conclusion should you make based on the given data?