Bonds, common stock, and preferred stock are considered as long-term financing. Long term financing is most appropriate for established small businesses that can leverage financial statements and substantial down payments to minimize monthly payments and total loan cost. a. Explain the behavior of the bond value. (5 Marks) b. Discuss THREE (3) characteristics of preferred stock. (6 Marks) c. Graham Berhad has just purchased a newly issued RM1000 five-year A bond at par value. This five-year bond pays RM 80 interest semiannually. Calculate the expected rate of return of this bond. (3 Marks) d. Grand Holdings sells a bond with par value of RM1000, pay interest at 11 percent and is scheduled to mature in 15 years. For the bonds of this risk class, the investors believe that a 13 percent return should be required. Calculate the value of Grand Holdings bond based on the required rate of return. (3 Marks) e. Genting bonds have 10 years maturity period. The coupon rate is 15 percent per year and the interest is paid every year. The par value of bond is RM1,000. The returns required for the bond are 8 percent per year. Calculate the value of this bond