Bucholz Brands is considering the development of a new ketchup product. The ketchup will be sold in a variety of different colors and will be marketed to young children. In evaluating the proposed project, the company has collected the following information: - The company estimates that the project will last for four years. - The company will need to purchase new machinery that has an up-front cost of $300 million (incurred at t = 0). At t = 4, the machinery has an estimated salvage value of $50 million. - The machinery will be depreciated on a 4-year straight-line basis. - Production on the new ketchup product will take place in a recently vacated facility that the company owns. The facility is empty and Bucholz does not intend to lease the facility. - The project will require a $60 million increase in inventory at t = 0. The company expects that its accounts payable will rise by $10 million at t = 0. After t = 0, there will be no changes in net operating working capital, until t = 4 when the project is completed, and the net operating working capital is completely recovered. - The company estimates that sales of the new ketchup will be $200 million each of the next four years. - The operating costs, excluding depreciation, are expected to be $100 million each year. - The company's tax rate is 40%. - The project's WACC is 10%. What is the project's after-tax operating cash flow the first year (t = 1)?

a.

$60.0 million

b.

$45.0 million

c.

$90.0 million

d.

$22.5 million

e.

$72.5 million