Businesses typically have many systems, some internally developed, some purchased, and others acquired. Businesses want these systems to communicate with one another and provide users with easier access to data. There are three systems configurations that consolidate and coordinate data across multiple locations. These three include centralized systems, decentralized systems, and distributed systems. Each configuration has advantages and disadvantages. Which of the following is a disadvantage of decentralized systems?

Since each location has its own system, there is an increase in security risk as more systems must be protected and monitored.

The risk of business disruption is greater because any disruption impacts the entire system.

It is more difficult to implement as it is the most complex of the three.

It is the most expensive option as it involves higher maintenance costs.