By cladistic methods (Chapter 2), animal groups are defined by the shared possession of characters not present
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Question:
By cladistic methods (Chapter 2), animal groups are defined by the shared possession of characters not present in the immediate ancestor to those groups. These shared derived characters (synapomorphies) are essentially what I have been calling Defining Characteristics throughout this book. Explain why each of the following is not a valid synapomorphy for the Cephalopoda: ink sac; chromatophores; loss of shell; development of a spiral shell
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