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(c) (1) What is the trans effect? Explain how the 'trans effect' is used to prepare the cis isomer of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. [6 marks] (d) a

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(c) (1) What is the trans effect? Explain how the 'trans effect' is used to prepare the cis isomer of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. [6 marks] (d) a (i) (ii) Briefly discuss how a metal complex can interact with DNA. Explain how cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] is activated in the biological cell and how it exerts its anticancer activity. Illustrate how medicinal chemists have modified this drug to improve its efficacy (how well it works) [16 marks] (iii)

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