chapter 20;case study;In the short run, costs can be of three general types: Fixed Cost. Total fixed costs remain constant as volume varies in the relevant range of production. Fixed cost per unit decreases as the cost is spread over an increasing number of units. Examples include: Fire insurance, depreciation, facility rent, and property taxes. Variable Cost. Variable cost per unit remains constant no matter how many units are made in the relevant range of production. Total variable cost increases as the number of unit's increases. Examples include: Production material and labor. If no units are made, neither cost is necessary or incurred. However, each unit produced requires production material and labor. Semi-variable Cost. Semi-variable costs include both fixed and variable cost elements. Costs may increase in steps or increase relatively smoothly from a fixed base. Examples include: Supervision and utilities, such as electricity, gas, and telephone. Supervision costs tend to increase in steps as a supervisor's span of control is reached. Utilities typically have a minimum service fee, with costs increasing relatively smoothly as more of the utility is used.

questions

1.demonstrtae on Defluoridation as a process attributable to the reducing the fluoride content from water and touch only on the essential elements

2.what are the impact of the Crippling fluorosis asapplied in the concentration of floride capacity composition

3.falsify; Fluorides in solution form are preferred over powdered form for fluoridation.

4.in the fluoridation,how does the Hydrofluosilicic acid cause preferred results?

5.why is Sodium fluoride a pure compound

6.roule out the idea of Sodium fluro carbonate being part of fluoride compounds?

7.In which process, the fluoride content of water is raised?explain

8.what is the basic composition/concentration of fluoride suitable for dental caries prevention?

9.explain accordingly; The solar evaporation can yield about ___ kg of fresh water per day per m2 of basin surface.

10.interconnent/link the Solar evaporation to the desalination process