c) The formula for the amount of energy E (in joules) released by an earthquake is E = (1.74 x 1019 x 101.44MM) where M is the magnitude of the earthquake on the Richter scale. The Newcastle earthquake in 1989 had a magnitude of 5 on the Richter scale. How many joules were released? ii. In an earthquake in San Francisco in the 1900s the amount of energy released was double that of the Newcastle earthquake. What was its Richter magnitude