Calculate and interpret the two companies (Ford) and (GM) ratios (two years) Just the group of ratios mentioned in the grade center column. So you will upload your calculation and the interpretations,

(Leverage Ratios)

Ford company information

GM US company information

need the leverage ratio need

FY 2018 12/31/2018 160,338.0 148,294.0 12,018.0 26.0 145,732.0 128,069.0 9,463.0 8,200.0 14,606.0 0.0 9,974.0 11,403.0 0.0 FY 2019 12/31/2019 155,900.0 143,599.0 12,260.0 41.0 144,165.0 127,293.0 9,472.0 7,400.0 11,735.0 0.0 5,161.0 11,161.0 0.0 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending income statment Revenue + Sales & Services Revenue + Financing Revenue + Other Revenue - Cost of Revenue + Cost of Goods & Services + Cost of Financing Revenue + Research & Development Gross Profit + Other Operating Income - Operating Expenses + Selling, General & Admin + Research & Development + Depreciation & Amortization + Prov For Doubtful Accts + Other Operating Expense Operating Income (Loss) - Non-Operating (Income) Loss + Interest Expense, Net + Interest Expense - Interest Income + Foreign Exch (Gain) Loss + (Income) Loss from Affiliates + Other Non-Op (Income) Loss Pretax Income (Loss), Adjusted - Abnormal Losses (Gains) + Merger/Acquisition Expense + Disposal of Assets + Early Extinguishment of Debt + Asset Write-Down + Gain/Loss on Sale/Acquisition of Busine + Restructuring + Sale of Investments + Other Abnormal Items Pretax Income (Loss), GAAP - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) + Current Income Tax + Deferred Income Tax + Tax Allowance/Credit Income (Loss) from Cont Ops - Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains) + Discontinued Operations + XO & Accounting Changes Income (Loss) Incl. MI - Minority Interest Net Income, GAAP - Preferred Dividends -1,429.0 4,632.0 -985.0 528.0 1,228.0 700.0 0.0 -123.0 -1,390.0 5,617.0 1,272.0 -6,000.0 6,574.0 1,214.0 240.0 1,020.0 780.0 0.0 -32.0 1,006.0 5,360.0 6,000.0 - uesting Data... 537.0 -157.0 892.0 4,345.0 650.0 759.0 -109.0 6,000.0 -640.0 -724.0 670.0 -1,394.0 3,695.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,695.0 18.0 3,677.0 0.0 84.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 37.0 47.0 0.0 income statement - Other Adjustments Net Income Avail to Common, GAAP 0.0 3,677.0 0.0 47.0 Net Income Avail to Common, Adj Net Abnormal Losses (Gains) Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains) 5,070.0 1,393.0 0.0 4,787.0 4,740.0 0.0 3,972.0 0.01 Basic Weighted Avg Shares Basic EPS, GAAP Basic EPS from Cont Ops Basic EPS from Cont Ops, Adjusted 3,974.0 0.93 0.93 1.28 0.01 1.21 Diluted Weighted Avg Shares Diluted EPS, GAAP Diluted EPS from Cont Ops Diluted EPS from Cont Ops, Adjusted 3,998.0 0.92 0.92 1.27 4,004.0 0.01 0.01 1.19 Reference Items Accounting Standard EBITDA EBITDA Margin (T12M) EBITA EBIT Gross Margin Operating Margin Profit Margin Sales per Employee Dividends per Share Total Cash Common Dividends Capitalized Interest Expense Depreciation Expense Rental Expense Source: Bloomberg US GAAP 14,017.0 8.74 11,513.0 4,632.0 9.11 2.89 3.16 805,718.59 0.73 2,915.0 US GAAP 16,714.0 10.72 13,265.0 6,574.0 7.53 4.22 3.07 820,526.32 0.60 2,408.0 2,504.0 552.0 3,449.0 504.0 FY 2018 12/31/2018 FY 2019 12/31/2019 33,951.0 16,718.0 17,233.0 65,548.0 11,289.0 54,259.0 11,220.0 4,536.0 0.0 6,684.0 0.0 3,930.0 681.0 0.0 34,651.0 17,504.0 17,147.0 62,888.0 9,300.0 53,588.0 10,786.0 4,402.0 0.0 6,384.0 0.0 5,722.0 390.0 2,383.0 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending balance sheet Total Assets + Cash, Cash Equivalents & STI + Cash & Cash Equivalents + ST Investments + Accounts & Notes Receiv + Accounts Receivable, Net + Notes Receivable, Net + Inventories + Raw Materials + Work In Process + Finished Goods + Other Inventory + Other ST Assets + Derivative & Hedging Assets + Assets Held-for-Sale + Deferred Tax Assets + Misc ST Assets Total Current Assets + Property, Plant & Equip, Net + Property, Plant & Equip - Accumulated Depreciation + LT Investments & Receivables + LT Investments + LT Receivables + Other LT Assets + Total Intangible Assets + Goodwill + Other Intangible Assets + Deferred Tax Assets + Derivative & Hedging Assets + Investments in Affiliates + Misc LT Assets Total Noncurrent Assets Total Assets 3,249.0 114,649.0 36,178.0 66,421.0 30,243.0 84,663.0 29,119.0 55,544.0 21,050.0 178.0 0.0 178.0 10,412.0 540.0 2,709.0 7,211.0 141,891.0 256,540.0 2,949.0 114,047.0 36,469.0 67,489.0 31,020.0 82,933.0 29,230.0 53,703.0 25,088.0 188.0 0.0 188.0 11,863.0 840.0 2,519.0 9,678.0 144,490.0 258,537.0 22,409.0 21,520.0 21,531.0 20,673.0 Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity + Payables & Accruals + Accounts Payable + Accrued Taxes + Interest & Dividends Payable + Other Payables & Accruals + ST Debt + ST Borrowings + ST Lease Liabilities + ST Finance Leases + ST Operating Leases + Current Portion of LT Debt 988.0 -99.0 53,493.0 51,179.0 1,128.0 -270.0 54,313.0 52,279.0 459.0 92.0 367.0 1,575.0 2,314.0 19,667.0 2,095.0 700.0 22,288.0 2,091.0 1,042.0 16,872.0 95,569.0 100,720.0 100,720.0 + Other ST Liabilities balance sheet + Deferred Revenue + Derivatives & Hedging + Deferred Tax Liabilities + Misc ST Liabilities Total Current Liabilities + LT Debt + LT Borrowings + LT Lease Liabilities + LT Finance Leases + LT Operating Leases + Other LT Liabilities + Accrued Liabilities + Pension Liabilities + Deferred Revenue + Deferred Tax Liabilities + Derivatives & Hedging + Misc LT Liabilities Total Noncurrent Liabilities Total Liabilities + Preferred Equity and Hybrid Capital + Share Capital & APIC + Common Stock + Additional Paid in Capital - Treasury Stock + Retained Earnings + Other Equity Equity Before Minority Interest + Minority/Non Controlling Interest Total Equity Total Liabilities & Equity 24,185.0 0.0 14,643.0 3,985.0 597.0 312.0 4,648.0 124,905.0 220,474.0 0.0 22,047.0 41.0 22,006.0 1,417.0 22,668.0 -7,366.0 35,932.0 134.0 36,066.0 256,540.0 19,155.0 98,132.0 102,408.0 101,276.0 1,132.0 85.0 1,047.0 24,767.0 0.0 15,618.0 4,191.0 490.0 306.0 4,162.0 127,175.0 225,307.0 0.0 22,206.0 41.0 22,165.0 1,613.0 20,320.0 -7,728.0 33,185.0 45.0 33,230.0 258,537.0 US GAAP 3,978.6 14,643.0 1,511.0 US GAAP 3,964.9 15,618.0 1,588.0 177.0 31.2 Reference Items Accounting Standard Shares Outstanding Pension Obligations Future Minimum Operating Lease Obligations Capital Leases - Total Options Granted During Period Options Outstanding at Period End Net Debt Net Debt to Equity Tangible Common Equity Ratio Current Ratio Cash Conversion Cycle Number of Employees Source: Bloomberg -9,489.0 -26.31 13.95 1.20 118.06 199,000.00 -7,610.0 -22.90 12.77 1.16 124.63 190,000.00 FY 2018 12/31/2018 FY 2019 12/31/2019 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending cash flow Cash from Operating Activities + Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization + Non-Cash Items + Stock-Based Compensation + Deferred Income Taxes + Other Non-Cash Adj + Chg in Non-Cash Work Cap + (Inc) Dec in Accts Receiv + (Inc) Dec in Inventories + Inc (Dec) in Other + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Operating Activities 3,677.0 9,385.0 -1,754.0 191.0 -197.0 -1,748.0 3,714.0 -2,239.0 -828.0 6,781.0 0.0 15,022.0 47.0 9,689.0 3,253.0 228.0 -1,370.0 4,395.0 4,650.0 -816.0 206.0 5,260.0 0.0 17,639.0 Cash from Investing Activities + Change in Fixed & Intang + Disp in Fixed & Intang + Disp of Fixed Prod Assets + Disp of Intangible Assets + Acq of Fixed & Intang + Acq of Fixed Prod Assets + Acq of Intangible Assets + Net Change in LT Investment + Dec in LT Investment + Inc in LT Investment + Net Cash From Acq & Div + Cash from Divestitures + Cash for Acq of Subs + Cash for JVs + Other Investing Activities + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Investing Activities -7,785.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -7,785.0 -7,785.0 0.0 -12,044.0 50,880.0 -62,924.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,568.0 0.0 -16,261.0 -7,632.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -7,632.0 -7,632.0 0.0 -5,394.0 50,182.0 -55,576.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -695.0 0.0 -13,721.0 Cash from Financing Activities + Dividends Paid + Cash From (Repayment) Debt + Cash From (Repay) ST Debt + Cash From LT Debt + Repayments of LT Debt + Cash (Repurchase) of Equity + Increase in Capital Stock + Decrease in Capital Stock + Other Financing Activities + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Financing Activities -2,905.0 3,139.0 -2,819.0 50,130.0 -44,172.0 -164.0 0.0 -164.0 -192.0 0.0 -122.0 -2,389.0 -277.0 -1,384.0 47,604.0 -46,497.0 -237.0 0.0 -237.0 -226.0 0.0 -3,129.0 Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates -370.0 45.0 cash flow Net Changes in Cash -1,731.0 834.0 Cash Paid for Taxes Cash Paid for Interest - 12,588.0 7.85 10,714.0 6.87 10,007.0 Reference Items EBITDA Trailing 12M EBITDA Margin Net Cash Paid for Acquisitions Free Cash Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Free Cash Flow to Equity Free Cash Flow per Basic Share Price to Free Cash Flow Cash Flow to Net Income Source: Bloomberg 7,237.0 8,281.3 10,376.0 1.82 4.20 4.09 9,730.0 2.52 3.69 375.30 FY 2018 12/31/2018 147,049.0 133,045.0 14,004.0 FY 2019 12/31/2019 137,237.0 122,697.0 14,540.0 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending income statement Revenue + Sales & Services Revenue + Financing Revenue + Other Revenue - Cost of Revenue + Cost of Goods & Services + Research & Development Gross Profit + Other Operating Income - Operating Expenses + Selling, General & Admin + Research & Development + Other Operating Expense Operating Income (Loss) - Non-Operating (Income) Loss + Interest Expense, Net + Interest Expense - Interest Income + Foreign Exch (Gain) Loss + (Income) Loss from Affiliates + Other Non-Op (Income) Loss Pretax Income (Loss), Adjusted - Abnormal Losses (Gains) + Merger/Acquisition Expense + Disposal of Assets + Early Extinguishment of Debt + Asset Write-Down + Impairment of Goodwill + Impairment of Intangibles + Gain/Loss on Sale/Acquisition of Busine + Legal Settlement + Restructuring + Sale of Investments + Insurance Settlement + Other Abnormal Items Pretax Income (Loss), GAAP - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) + Current Income Tax + Deferred Income Tax - (Income) Loss from Affiliates Income (Loss) from Cont Ops - Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains) + Discontinued Operations + XO & Accounting Changes Income (Loss) Incl. MI - Minority Interest Net Income, GAAP 120,656.0 112,856.0 7,800.0 26,393.0 0.0 18,516.0 9,650.0 0.0 8,866.0 7,877.0 4,104.0 320.0 655.0 335.0 0.0 -2,163.0 -2,261.0 11,981.0 3,432.0 110,651.0 103,851.0 6,800.0 26,586.0 0.0 19,184.0 8,491.0 0.0 10,693.0 7,402.0 -1,955.0 353.0 782.0 429.0 0.0 -1,268.0 -1,040.0 9,357.0 1,921.0 527.0 22.0 164.0 440.0 1,138.0 1,327.0 8,549.0 474.0 586.0 -112.0 1,735.0 7,436.0 769.0 902.0 -133.0 8,075.0 70.0 70.0 0.0 8,005.0 -9.0 8,014.0 6,667.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,667.0 -65.0 6,732.0 - Preferred Dividends income statment - Other Adjustments Net Income Avail to Common, GAAP 98.0 0.0 7,916.0 151.0 0.0 6,581.0 Net Income Avail to Common, Adj Net Abnormal Losses (Gains) Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains) 9,791.3 1,805.3 70.0 6,949.4 368.4 0.0 Basic Weighted Avg Shares Basic EPS, GAAP Basic EPS from Cont Ops Basic EPS from Cont Ops, Adjusted 1,411.0 5.61 5.66 6.94 1,424.0 4.62 4.62 4.88 Diluted Weighted Avg Shares Diluted EPS, GAAP Diluted EPS from Cont Ops Diluted EPS from Cont Ops, Adjusted 1,431.0 5.53 5.58 6.84 1,439.0 4.57 4.57 4.83 Reference Items Accounting Standard EBITDA EBITDA Margin (T12M) EBITA EBIT Gross Margin Operating Margin Profit Margin Sales per Employee Dividends per Share Total Cash Common Dividends Capitalized Interest Expense Depreciation Expense Rental Expense Source: Bloomberg US GAAP 21,546.0 14.65 16,446.0 7,877.0 17.95 5.36 6.73 849,994.22 1.52 2,144.7 US GAAP 21,874.0 15.94 15,535.0 7,402.0 19.37 5.39 5.17 836,810.98 1.52 2,164.5 5,100.0 300.0 6,339.0 354.0 FY 2018 12/31/2018 FY 2019 12/31/2019 26,810.0 20,844.0 5,966.0 33,399.0 9,816.0 4,274.0 0.0 5,542.0 0.0 5,268.0 0.0 23,243.0 19,069.0 4,174.0 33,398.0 10,398.0 4,713.0 0.0 5,685.0 0.0 7,953.0 0.0 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending balance sheet Total Assets + Cash, Cash Equivalents & STI + Cash & Cash Equivalents + ST Investments + Accounts & Notes Receiv + Inventories + Raw Materials + Work In Process + Finished Goods + Other Inventory + Other ST Assets + Derivative & Hedging Assets + Assets Held-for-Sale + Deferred Tax Assets + Misc ST Assets Total Current Assets + Property, Plant & Equip, Net + Property, Plant & Equip - Accumulated Depreciation + LT Investments & Receivables + LT Receivables + Other LT Assets + Total Intangible Assets + Goodwill + Other Intangible Assets + Deferred Tax Assets + Derivative & Hedging Assets + Prepaid Pension Costs + Investments in Affiliates + Misc LT Assets Total Noncurrent Assets Total Assets 5,268.0 75,293.0 38,758.0 65,483.0 26,725.0 25,083.0 25,083.0 88,205.0 5,579.0 1,861.0 3,718.0 24,082.0 0.0 7,953.0 74,992.0 38,750.0 67,449.0 28,699.0 26,355.0 26,355.0 87,940.0 5,337.0 1,859.0 3,478.0 24,640.0 0.0 9,215.0 49,329.0 152,046.0 227,339.0 8,562.0 49,401.0 153,045.0 228,037.0 46,842.0 22,297.0 44,032.0 21,018.0 Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity + Payables & Accruals + Accounts Payable + Accrued Taxes + Interest & Dividends Payable + Other Payables & Accruals + ST Debt + ST Borrowings + ST Lease Liabilities + ST Finance Leases + ST Operating Leases + Current Portion of LT Debt + Other ST Liabilities + Deferred Revenue 24,545.0 31,891.0 31,754.0 137.0 137.0 23,014.0 37,639.0 37,400.0 239.0 239.0 3,504.0 3,504.0 3,234.0 3,234.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82,237.0 73,060.0 72,669.0 391.0 391.0 0.0 84,905.0 66,924.0 65,924.0 1,000.0 29,265.0 0.0 16,908.0 2,959.0 1,000.0 30,251.0 0.0 18,105.0 2,962.0 balance sheet + Derivatives & Hedging + Deferred Tax Liabilities + Misc ST Liabilities Total Current Liabilities + LT Debt + LT Borrowings + LT Lease Liabilities + LT Finance Leases + LT Operating Leases + Other LT Liabilities + Accrued Liabilities + Pension Liabilities + Deferred Revenue + Deferred Tax Liabilities + Derivatives & Hedging + Misc LT Liabilities Total Noncurrent Liabilities Total Liabilities + Preferred Equity and Hybrid Capital + Share Capital & APIC + Common Stock + Additional Paid in Capital - Treasury Stock + Retained Earnings + Other Equity Equity Before Minority Interest + Minority/Non Controlling Interest Total Equity Total Liabilities & Equity 0.0 9,398.0 102,325.0 184,562.0 0.0 9,184.0 97,175.0 182,080.0 25,577.0 14.0 25,563.0 0.0 22,322.0 -9,039.0 38,860.0 3,917.0 42,777.0 227,339.0 26,088.0 14.0 26,074.0 0.0 26,860.0 -11,156.0 41,792.0 4,165.0 45,957.0 228,037.0 US GAAP 1,400.0 0.0 18,105.0 1,381.0 Reference Items Accounting Standard Shares Outstanding Number of Treasury Shares Pension Obligations Future Minimum Operating Lease Obligations Capital Leases - Total Net Debt Net Debt to Equity Tangible Common Equity Ratio Current Ratio Cash Conversion Cycle Number of Employees Source: Bloomberg US GAAP 1,400.0 0.0 16,908.0 1,381.0 528.0 -5,581.0 -13.05 15.01 0.92 37.61 173,000.00 -2,877.0 -6.26 16.37 0.88 51.10 164,000.00 FY 2018 12/31/2018 FY 2019 12/31/2019 In Millions of USD except Per Share 12 Months Ending cashflow Cash from Operating Activities + Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization + Non-Cash Items + Deferred Income Taxes + Other Non-Cash Adj + Chg in Non-Cash Work Cap + (Inc) Dec in Accts Receiv + (Inc) Dec in Inventories + Inc (Dec) in Other + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Operating Activities 8,014.0 13,669.0 -5,051.0 -112.0 4,939.0 -1,376.0 6,732.0 14,118.0 -2,040.0 -133.0 -1,907.0 -3,789.0 -1,376.0 0.0 15,256.0 -3,789.0 0.0 15,021.0 Cash from Investing Activities + Change in Fixed & Intang + Disp in Fixed & Intang + Disp of Fixed Prod Assets + Disp of Intangible Assets + Acq of Fixed & Intang + Acq of Fixed Prod Assets + Acq of Intangible Assets + Net Change in LT Investment + Dec in LT Investment + Inc in LT Investment + Net Cash From Acq & Div + Cash from Divestitures + Cash for Acq of Subs + Cash for JVs + Other Investing Activities + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Investing Activities -8,761.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -8,761.0 -8,761.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -12,168.0 166.0 -20,763.0 -7,592.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -7,592.0 -7,592.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3,307.0 0.0 -10,899.0 Cash from Financing Activities + Dividends Paid + Cash From (Repayment) Debt + Cash From (Repay) ST Debt + Cash From LT Debt + Repayments of LT Debt + Cash (Repurchase) of Equity + Increase in Capital Stock + Decrease in Capital Stock + Other Financing Activities + Net Cash From Disc Ops Cash from Financing Activities -2,242.0 11,664.0 1,186.0 43,801.0 -33,323.0 2,672.0 2,862.0 -190.0 -640.0 0.0 11,454.0 -2,350.0 -2,531.0 -312.0 36,937.0 -39,156.0 457.0 457.0 0.0 -253.0 0.0 -4,677.0 Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates -299.0 2.0 cash flow Net Changes in Cash 5,648.0] -553.0 Cash Paid for Taxes Cash Paid for Interest 660.0 3,597.0 689.0 4,214.0 18,114.0 12.32 19,953.0 14.54 Reference Items EBITDA Trailing 12M EBITDA Margin Net Cash Paid for Acquisitions Tax Benefit from Stock Options Free Cash Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Free Cash Flow to Equity Free Cash Flow per Basic Share Price to Free Cash Flow Cash Flow to Net Income Source: Bloomberg 6,495.0 7,113.7 7,429.0 8,130.1 4.60 7.27 1.90 5.22 7.02 2.23