1. Calculate the common-size amount for inventories for both years and comment on any differences that you note. Given that the company is in the furniture manufacturing industry, does this ratio seem appropriate?

2. Compute inventory turnover for both years and interpret any change. At December 31, 2014, Total inventories, net were $481.4 million.

3. Arm & Shovel uses LIFO for at least some of its inventory method. What would the company have reported as inventory in 2016 and 2015 if the company had used the FIFO method? (LIFO reserve balances: $33.8 million in 2016; $22.6 million in 2015; and $73.0 million in 2014.)

4. Recalculate cost of goods sold (COGS) under the FIFO method.

5. Recompute the inventory turnover ratios for 2016 and 2015 under the FIFO method. What difference do you notice between the FIFO-based ratios and the LIFO-based ratios?

The asset side of the 2016 balance sheet for Arm & Shovel Co. follows. The company reported cost of sales of $2,850.7 million in 2016 and $2,994.0 million in 2015. Use this information to answer the requirements. Arm & Shovel, Co. Consolidated Balance Sheets (excerpts) (in millions) Dec. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2015 Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents $281.9 $ 253.2 Trade receivables, net of allowance $7.2 and $9.3, at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively 450.8 448.7 Other receivables, net 35.8 71.5 Total receivables, net 486.6 520.2 Inventories Finished goods 255.7 242.8 Work in process 52.6 42.6 Raw materials and supplies 245.1 241.8 LIFO reserve (33.8) (22.6) Total inventories, net 519.6 504.6 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 36.8 33.2 Total current assets 1,324.9 1,311.2 Property, plant and equipment - at cost Machinery and equipment 1,133.8 1,099.1 Buildings and other 559.4 548.2 Land 37.7 40.0 Total property, plant and equipment 1,730.9 1,687.3 Less accumulated depreciation (1,165.4) (1,146.5) Net property, plant and equipment 565.5 540.8 Other Assets Goodwill 791.3 806.1 Other intangibles, less accumulated amortization of $137.0 and $139.8 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively 164.9 188.4 Sundry 137.5 117.2 Total other assets 1,093.7 1,111.7 Total assets $2,984.1 $2,963.7 Continued next page