Calculate the present value of:

1. $250,000 at the end of 10 years;
2. $15,000 a year forever;
3. $50,000 at the end of each of 12 years;
4. $20,000 at the end of Year 1, $40,000 at the end of Year 2, $80,000 at the end of Year 3. The discount rate is 11%, compounded annually.

Calculate the value of the following cash flows at the end of the fifth year:

a. $100,000 now;

2. $25,000 in the beginning of the five years;
3. $40,000 at the end of the second year, $25,000 at the end of the fourth year, and $10,000 at the end of the fifth year. The compounding rate is 11%, compounded annually.