California Circuits Company (3C) manufactures a variety of components. Its Valley plant specializes in two electronic components used in circuit boards. These components serve the same function and perform equally well. The difference in the two products is the raw material. The XL-D chip is the older of the two components and is made with a metal that requires a wash prior to assembly. Originally, the plant released the wastewater directly into a local river. Several years ago, the company was ordered to treat the wastewater before its release,and it installed relatively expensive equipment. While the equipment is fully depreciated, annual operating expenses of $255,000 are still incurred for wastewater treatment.

Two years ago, company scientists developed an alloy with all of the properties of the raw materials used in XL-D that generates no wastewater. Some prototype components using the new material were produced and tested and found to be indistinguishable from the old components in every way relating to their fitness for use. The only difference is that the new alloy is more expensive than the old raw material. The company has been test-marketing the newer version of the component, referred to as XL-C, and is currently trying to decide its fate.

Manufacturing both components begins in the Production Department and is completed in the Assembly Department. No other products are produced in the plant. The following provides information for the two components:

	XL-D	XL-C
Units produced	100,000	25,000
Raw material costs per unit	$12.50	$14.50
Direct labor-hours per unitProduction	0.1	0.1
Direct labor-hours per unitAssembly	0.4	0.4
Direct labor rate per hourall labor	$22.50	$22.50
Machine-hours per unitProduction	1.6	1.6
Machine-hours per unitAssembly	0.4	0.4
Testing hours per unit (all in production)	3.0	3.0
Shipping weight per unit (pounds)	1.0	1.6
Wastewater generated per unit (gallons)	10.0	0.0

Annual overhead costs for the two departments follow:

	Production Department			Assembly Department
Supervision	$	105,000		$	245,000
Material handling		95,500			42,500
Testing		155,000			0
Wastewater treatment		255,000			0
Depreciation on equipment		405,000			105,000
Shipping		7,500			125,000
Total	$	1,023,000		$	517,500

The company president believes that its foolish to continue producing two essentially equivalent products. At the same time, the corporate image is somewhat tarnished because of a toxic dump found at another site (not the Valley plant). The president would like to be able to point to the Valley plant as an example of company R&D working to provide an environmentally friendly product. The controller points out to the president that the companys financial position is shaky, and it cannot afford to make products in any way other than the most cost-efficient one.

Required:

a. 3Cs current cost accounting system charges overhead to products based on direct labor cost using a single plantwide rate. What product costs will it report for the two products if the current allocation system is used? (Round "Overhead percentage" to the nearest whole number and other intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. The controller recently completed an executive education course describing the two-stage allocation procedure. Assume that the first stage allocates costs to departments and the second stage allocates costs to products. The controller believes that the costs will be more accurate if machine-hours are used to allocate Production Department costs and labor-hours are used to allocate Assembly Department costs. What product costs will be reported for the two products if the two-stage allocation process is used? (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.)

d. The president argues that an activity-based costing system would provide even better costs. The company decides to compute product costs assuming an ABC system is implemented only in the Production Department. Overhead in Assembly will continue to be allocated based on direct labor cost. The cost drivers selected for the activity-based costing system are: (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.)

Overhead Item	Driver
Supervision	Direct labor-hours
Material handling	Material cost
Testing	Testing hours
Wastewater treatment	Wastewater generated
Depreciation on equipment	Machine-hours
Shipping	Weight