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Gains on a stock result in capital gains that will be taxed. The IRS will want a cut of the gains on a stock. If people lose money on a stock, they can use tax loss harvesting on a stock to offset the gains. The tax rate on a capital gain depends on the income of the stockholder and if it is a short or long term capital gain. The short-term rate for capital gains taxes is the same marginal tax rate that you pay for ordinary taxes. The long-term rate is either 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on the income of the person filing the taxes.