Can someone help me break down this assinment please?! INSTRUCTIONS Note the following:

$$ The class and the methods have a template prefix

$$ Each time a method is defined, the syntax contains a : className::member$().$

$$ The getItem$()$ method has a T return type

Instructions:

Complete all TODO sections, writing code for StackForCS$2420.$

For my unit tests, I made a base class with methods that simply have enough logic to compile. You should not

modify the base class. Instead, you should modify the derived class and override the constructor, destructor,

and all methods there.

The StackForCS$2420$ class requires the following members:

$$ A private arr data member which is a pointer to type T$.$ Default initialize it to nullptr. The constructor

will allocate the array and store the address in this data member.

$$ A private int amount data member, which keeps track of the next open index in the array. Default

initialize it to $0.$

$$ A private int capacity data member. Default initialize it to $0.$

$$ A constructor that accepts a const int parameter. This constructor needs to dynamically allocate an array

of the size passed into the parameter. Use the new keyword to make this array. It should also set the

capacity data member to the value of the argument passed in$.$

$$ You need a destructor because you used the new keyword in the constructor. The destructor returns

ownership of the array$$s memory space back to the operating system.

$$ A size$()$ method. The return type is int. It returns the value of amount.

$$ A push$()$ method. This method should have a single parameter, the data type of that parameter should

be const T&$.$ The const means it can't be changed. The & means it will be passed in by reference

$($instead of by value, which makes a copy$).$ The push$()$ method should have a void return value. This

method should see if the amount equals the capacity $($seeing if it is full$).$ If so$,$ simply print to the

console an error message and return. Otherwise, insert the value into the array at the correct spot, and

increment amount.

$$ A pop$()$ method. This method should not have any parameter. The return type should be void. The

purpose of the method is to $$pop$$ the item off the stack. It doesn't actually pop the item off the array, it

just changes amount.

$$ A top$()$ method. This method should not have any parameter. The return type should be T$.$ It should

return what is at the top of the stack. It should first check if size is zero. If so$,$ then the stack is empty,

so throw an error with throw std::out$\_$of$\_$range$($some message$)$;$.$ Otherwise, return the correct

value.

$$ A popThirdFromTop$()$ method. As the name implies, pops the item underneath the top two items.

Ensure the code checks for any bad scenarios and returns if those are found. $($Note$,$ stacks typically

aren$$t used this way, but this method is here to help you extend your understanding of both stacks and

programming.$)$

$$ A pushTwoUnderTop$()$ method. As the name implies, pushes an item under the top two items. Ensure the

code checks for any bad scenarios and returns if those are found.

$$ A topThirdFromTop$()$ method. As the name implies, retrieves the value of the item under the top two

items. Throws an error with throw std::out$\_$of$\_$range$($some message$)$; if this isn$$t possible.

Use the $.$cpp file given. Your assignment should pass all tests both locally and on GitHub. Submit with your

GitHub repo https address with $/$pull$/1$ appended CODE $($stacks$.$hpp$)$ #include

#include

#include

#include

using std::cout;

using std::cin;

using std::cerr;

using std::endl;

using std::string;

using std::out$\_$of$\_$range;

$//$This class helps the assignment compile and run without any changes.

$//$Dot not modify. You will instead override the methods in the derived classes below.

template

class BaseStack $\{$

public:

BaseStack$()\{\}//$ These methods just contain filler code to help the code compile on the initial run.

BaseStack$($const int size$)\{\}//$ In the derived classes below, you will be overriding these with your own versions.

BaseStack$($const BaseStack& objToClone$)=$ delete; $//$ Disables copy constructor

BaseStack operator$=($const BaseStack& objToClone$)=$ delete; $//$ Disables copy assignment

int size$()$ const $\{$ return $0$; $\}//$ This method will be overriden in the derived class

void push$($const T& item$)\{\}//$ This method will be overriden in the derived class

T top$()$ const $\{$ T temp$\{\}$; return temp; $\}//$ This method will be overriden in the derived class

void pop$()\{\}//$ This method will be overriden in the derived class

void pushTwoUnderTop$($const T& item$)\{\}//$ This method will be overriden in the derived class

T topThirdFromTop$()$ const $\{$ T temp$\{\}$; return temp; $\}$