Can the employer be held vicariously liable for the illegal actions of its employees about which it was unaware?

a.No. It would contravene a basic legal principle that one cannot be held responsible for the wrongful acts of others unless a substantial connection between the two can be made

b.No. The point of vicariously liability is to reduce risk, and the employer cannot be held responsible for risks based upon activities it was unaware took place

c.Yes. The point of vicarious liability is to compensate injured parties. Any action undertaken during working hours, however trivial or unrelated to work, will give rise to vicarious liability

d.Yes. The test for vicarious liability is a substantial connection to one's work duties. Actions resulting from these duties, even if not authorized, meet the threshold